The depth-based instant validation previously only iterated
URL-consuming segments as potential shared/new boundaries. Route groups
between URL segments were invisible — when a route group layout with
Suspense was shared in a client navigation, its Suspense appeared to
cover blocking code in the validation render even though it wouldn't in
reality.
This adds a second dimension to the validation iteration: group depth.
At each URL depth, we now also step through route group boundaries. A
new `discoverValidationDepths` function walks the LoaderTree and returns
an array where each entry represents the max group depth at that URL
depth. The validation loop iterates from deepest group depth to
shallowest within each URL depth, stopping on the first error.
Key design decisions:
- URL depth and group depth counters are advanced before the boundary
check, making the boundary condition a simple `nextUrlDepth > depth &&
currentGroupDepth >= groupDepth`
- The synthetic `(slot)` segment that Next.js inserts for parallel slots
is excluded from group depth counting since it doesn't represent a real
navigation boundary
- Group depths are discovered from the LoaderTree rather than the URL
pathname, making the tree the source of truth for validation bounds
This improves the blocked-request warning so it names the actual dev
resource being requested and gives clearer guidance on how to allow it.
When the source host is known, the message includes an inline
`allowedDevOrigins` config snippet; when the source is missing or
opaque, it explains why Next.js cannot infer a host to allow.
This defaults to `true`: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/profiles.html#debug
Nobody on the team uses a debugger often enough for this to be worth the time tradeoff: https://kobzol.github.io/rust/rustc/2025/05/20/disable-debuginfo-to-improve-rust-compile-times.html
I'm gathering some rough numbers, and I'll add them to the PR.
After `cargo clean` and one `cargo build -p next-napi-bindings` with each profile (Linux arm64):
```
du -sh target/*
4.0K target/CACHEDIR.TAG
7.9G target/debug
14G target/dev-with-debug
7.5M target/generated
```
This is nearly half the size.
Due to cargo quirks, the `dev` profile defaults to the `target/debug` directory. Of course, any disk size wins you get are more than offset if you need to use a debugger and end up with an additional profile.
```
hyperfine -w 1 -r 5 -p 'cargo clean' 'cargo build --profile dev-with-debug -p next-napi-bindings' 'cargo build -p next-napi-bindings'
```
...pending...
(this is on https://github.com/bgw/benchmark-scripts/, on my M2 Macbook inside of a Linux VM this takes closer to 2m20s)
- More profiles means more bloat to the `target` directory and more cold builds.
- There's no practical use case where we'd be okay with the performance hit of `debug-assertions` and not okay with the performance hit of `lto = false`. Neither profile was suitable for benchmarking.
- `release-with-assertions-no-lto` is too long to type and was giving me carpal tunnel.
This removes the warn-only default behavior and enforces the dev-origin guard by default. Cross-origin requests to internal dev resources now block unless they match the built-in local allowlist or an explicit `allowedDevOrigins` entry. The tests are expanded to cover default blocking, configured-but-not-allowlisted hosts, missing Referer in the no-cors path, and same-site requests without an Origin, and the docs are updated to match the new behavior.
## Move `adapterPath` from experimental to stable
Graduates `adapterPath` from `experimental.adapterPath` to a top-level
`NextConfig` option, following the same pattern used for
`cacheHandlers`, `cacheComponents`, `typedRoutes`, and other options
that moved out of experimental.
### Changes
- **Type definition** (`config-shared.ts`): Added `adapterPath` to
`NextConfig` interface, marked `ExperimentalConfig.adapterPath` as
`@deprecated`, moved default value to top-level in `defaultConfig`,
updated `NextConfigRuntime` and `getNextConfigRuntime`
- **Zod schema** (`config-schema.ts`): Added `adapterPath` to top-level
`configSchema`
- **Backward compat** (`config.ts`): Added
`warnOptionHasBeenMovedOutOfExperimental` call so existing
`experimental.adapterPath` configs still work with a deprecation
warning, updated `applyModifyConfig` to read from `config.adapterPath`
- **Runtime references**: Updated `build/index.ts`, `app-page.ts`,
`app-route.ts`, `pages-handler.ts` to use `config.adapterPath` /
`nextConfig.adapterPath`
- **Tests**: Updated 4 test fixture `next.config` files
- **Docs**: Updated app router doc (removed `version: experimental`
frontmatter, top-level config example), pages router doc title, and v16
upgrade guide
### What?
Remove the `TURBOPACK_STATS` feature that generated webpack-compatible
`webpack-stats.json` files from Turbopack's output.
**Deleted:**
- `crates/next-api/src/webpack_stats.rs` — the entire 305-line Rust
implementation that built webpack-format stats (assets, chunks, modules,
entrypoints) from Turbopack's module graph
**Rust changes:**
- `crates/next-api/src/lib.rs` — removed `mod webpack_stats;`
- `crates/next-api/src/project.rs` — removed
`should_create_webpack_stats()` which read the `TURBOPACK_STATS` env var
- `crates/next-api/src/pages.rs` — removed `generate_webpack_stats`
import and stats output emission
- `crates/next-api/src/app.rs` — same
**TypeScript changes:**
- `packages/next/src/shared/lib/constants.ts` — removed `WEBPACK_STATS =
'webpack-stats.json'` constant
- `packages/next/src/shared/lib/turbopack/manifest-loader.ts` — removed
`loadWebpackStats()`, `writeWebpackStats()`, `mergeWebpackStats()`, the
`webpackStats` field, webpack type imports, and the `TURBOPACK_STATS`
env guard in `writeManifests()`
- `packages/next/src/server/dev/turbopack-utils.ts` — removed
`shouldCreateWebpackStats` flag and two `loadWebpackStats()` call sites
- `packages/next/src/build/handle-entrypoints.ts` — same
### Why?
This feature is no longer needed and adds dead complexity. It was opt-in
via `TURBOPACK_STATS=1` but nothing in the current codebase or tooling
depends on it.
### How?
Pure deletion — no behavior change for any existing user, as the feature
was opt-in via an environment variable that is no longer checked.
**Intentionally left untouched:**
- Webpack's own `stats.json` generation (non-Turbopack path)
- The Turbopack bundle analyzer / `analyze` feature
- `route-bundle-stats.json` in `.next/diagnostics/`
Co-authored-by: Tobias Koppers <sokra@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>
This PR makes configured `allowedDevOrigins` apply to cross-site no-cors dev asset requests. When browsers omit Origin for subresource loads, the dev guard now falls back to `Referer` so explicit allowlisted hosts can load `/_next/*` resources in development.
Previously, when `allowedDevOrigins` was configured, cross-site no-cors requests to internal Next.js dev resources were still blocked even for allowlisted hosts, because that code path never consulted the allowlist.
### What?
Removes the `experimental.devCacheControlNoCache` config option entirely
and hard-codes `no-cache, must-revalidate` as the dev server
`Cache-Control` header value.
Previously the option controlled whether the dev server responded with:
- `no-store, must-revalidate` (default, `false`)
- `no-cache, must-revalidate` (opt-in, `true`)
This PR first flips the default to `true`, then removes the option
altogether — making `no-cache, must-revalidate` unconditional in all dev
code paths.
### Why?
`no-cache` is strictly better than `no-store` for the dev server:
- `no-cache` allows the browser to revalidate (conditional
`If-None-Match`/`If-Modified-Since` requests), letting the server
respond with `304 Not Modified` when nothing changed → faster page loads
during development.
- `no-store` forces a full re-fetch every time, discarding valid cached
responses.
Since `no-cache` is the correct behavior for all dev users, the toggle
has no remaining value and can be removed to simplify the codebase.
### How?
**Two commits:**
1. `bcec825` — Flip the default from `false` → `true`; update
tests/fixtures/manifest to reflect the new default.
2. `e6e919f` — Remove the option entirely:
- Deleted `devCacheControlNoCache?: boolean` from `ExperimentalConfig`
interface, `config-schema.ts` Zod schema, `defaultConfig`,
`NextConfigRuntime`, and `getNextConfigRuntime()`.
- Replaced all four conditional ternaries in `base-server.ts`,
`router-server.ts`, `pages-handler.ts`, and `app-page.ts` with the
hard-coded string `'no-cache, must-revalidate'`.
- Deleted the `dev-cache-control-no-cache-disabled` test suite (was
testing the `false` path which no longer exists).
- Simplified the remaining `dev-cache-control-no-cache` test (removed
experimental framing).
- Synced `rspack-dev-tests-manifest.json`.
---------
Co-authored-by: Tobias Koppers <sokra@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: Vercel <vercel[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Copied from https://turbopack-rust-docs.vercel.sh/turbopack/chunking.html
I had claude review it for correctness against the code. It found a few things where the names weren't correct or a trait was actually a struct, and it grouped things into sections. It also added some more details to a few sections, like the dev vs production chunking. I think this is a reasonable improvement.
I did a second pass with claude where I had it remove things it 1:1 duplicated with the existing rustdocs, and I had it add intradoc links.
Rendered:
**Previous:**
1. https://github.com/vercel/next.js/pull/91487
2. https://github.com/vercel/next.js/pull/91488
**Current:**
3. https://github.com/vercel/next.js/pull/89297
---
Most of the vary params infrastructure was already implemented in
previous PRs for static prerenders. This wires up the remaining pieces
for runtime prefetches — creating the accumulator, setting it on the
prerender store, and resolving it before abort — and adds additional
test cases covering empty/full vary sets, searchParams, metadata, and
per-segment layout/page splits with runtime prefetching.
**Previous:**
1. https://github.com/vercel/next.js/pull/91487
**Current:**
2. https://github.com/vercel/next.js/pull/91488
**Up next:**
3. https://github.com/vercel/next.js/pull/89297
---
When a prefetch response includes vary params, the segment cache rekeys
entries to a more generic path based on which params the segment
actually depends on. Previously, the rekeying only happened when vary
params were provided. Now that vary params are tracked for more response
types (and eventually will always be tracked), entries are rekeyed in
more cases than before.
This exposed a potential race condition: the scheduler would capture a
vary path at scheduling time and upsert the entry at that path when the
fetch completed. But the fetch functions themselves rekey entries to a
different (more generic) path upon fulfillment. The deferred upsert
could then move the entry back to the less generic path, undoing the
rekeying.
To fix this, move the upsert logic inline into the fetch functions that
fulfill entries, rather than deferring it to an external callback. This
removes the race condition, simplifies the model, and reduces
implementation complexity. The previous structure existed to avoid the
rekeying cost when vary params weren't available, but rekeying is
inexpensive and not worth the added indirection.
The upsert function itself already handles concurrent writes by
comparing fetch strategies and checking whether the new entry provides
more complete data than any existing entry. So it's safe to always call
it inline — whichever entry wins will be the most complete one.
**Current:**
1. https://github.com/vercel/next.js/pull/91487
**Up next:**
2. https://github.com/vercel/next.js/pull/91488
3. https://github.com/vercel/next.js/pull/89297
---
Prefetch responses include metadata (in the Flight stream sense, not
HTML document metadata) that describes properties of the overall
response — things like the stale time and the set of params that were
accessed during rendering. Conceptually these are like late HTTP
headers: information that's only known once the response is complete.
Since we can't rely on actual HTTP late headers being supported
everywhere, we encode this metadata in the body of the Flight response.
The mechanism works by including an unresolved thenable in the Flight
payload, then resolving it just before closing the stream. On the
client, after the stream is fully received, we unwrap the thenable
synchronously. This synchronous unwrap relies on the assumption that the
server resolved the thenable before closing the stream.
The server already buffers prefetch responses before sending them, so
the resolved thenable data is always present in the response. However,
HTTP chunking in the browser layer can introduce taskiness when
processing the response, which could prevent Flight from decoding the
full payload synchronously. The existing code includes fallback behavior
for this case (e.g. treating the vary params as unknown), so this
doesn't fix a semantic issue — it strengthens the guarantee so that the
fallback path is never reached.
To do this, we buffer the full response on the client and concatenate it
into a single chunk before passing it to Flight. A single chunk is
necessary because Flight's `processBinaryChunk` processes all rows
synchronously within one call. Multiple chunks would not be sufficient
even if pre-enqueued: the `await` continuation from
`createFromReadableStream` can interleave between chunks, causing
promise value rows to be processed after the root model initializes,
which leaves thenables in a pending state. Since the server already
buffers these responses and they complete during a prefetch (not during
a navigation), this is not a performance consideration.
Full (dynamic) prefetches are not affected by this change. These are
streaming responses — even though they are cached, they are a special
case where dynamic data is treated as if it were cached. They don't need
to be buffered on either the server or the client the way normal cached
responses are.
Follow-up to #91189 which added support for accessing root params inside
`generateStaticParams`. Previously, if a `generateStaticParams` function
tried to read a root param that hasn't been defined yet — either because
the current segment is supposed to define it, or because a child segment
defines it — `getRootParam` would silently return `undefined`. This is
especially problematic because #91019 will type root param getters as
`Promise<string>` without `undefined`, making this a silent type safety
violation.
This change makes `getRootParam` throw an explicit error with the
`generate-static-params` work unit store when the requested param is not
present in `rootParams`.
Use `Bytes::from_owner(napi::Buffer)` to eliminate the `Buffer →
Vec<u8>` memcpy on the JS→Rust path in the worker pool.
`bytes::Bytes::from_owner` (>=1.9.0) wraps any `T: AsRef<[u8]> + Send +
'static` without copying — the data pointer comes from `T::as_ref()` and
`T` is dropped when the `Bytes` is dropped. Since napi@2's `Buffer`
implements `AsRef<[u8]>`, this gives true zero-copy.
Also unifies the `Operation` trait to use `Bytes` for both `send` and
`recv`.
This also helps reduce memory consumption, without zero-copy, the memory
consumption of the data returned by the loader would be doubled until GC
on the JS side or dropped on the Rust side.
## What?
This PR improves CSS parsing error handling in Turbopack by making parse errors recoverable instead of fatal.
1. **Extracting CSS parsing logic** into a new `parse_css_stylesheet` function that handles both parsing and CSS module validation in one place
2. **Fixing error recovery** when CSS minification fails — instead of immediately returning an unparsable result, the code now re-parses the original CSS to recover valid styles
3. **Improving error reporting** by renaming variables for clarity (`source` → `issue_source`) and ensuring errors are properly emitted before attempting recovery
4. **Adding comprehensive tests** for CSS parse error scenarios with both snapshot tests and e2e tests
The snapshot test fixture exercises several CSS features to confirm they survive error recovery:
- Basic selectors (`.before`, `.after`) — valid rules are preserved when surrounded by invalid ones
- `::highlight(highlight-test)` — CSS Custom Highlight API pseudo-element
- `scroll-marker-group`, `::scroll-marker`, `::scroll-marker:target-current` — CSS scroll marker pseudo-elements (new spec)
- `oklch()` color values — converted to `#rrggbbaa` + `lab()` fallbacks for broader browser compatibility
## Why?
Previously, when CSS minification encountered an error, the entire stylesheet would be marked as unparsable, losing any valid CSS that could have been recovered. This meant `turbopackIgnoreIssue` could not suppress the errors since the module produced no output regardless.
Now, when lightningcss recovers from parse errors (collecting them as warnings), issues are still emitted but processing continues with the recovered stylesheet. Only truly fatal parse errors (where `StyleSheet::parse` returns `Err`) remain non-recoverable.
The refactoring also consolidates CSS validation logic into a single function, reducing code duplication and making the error handling flow clearer.
## How?
- Created `parse_css_stylesheet()` function that wraps `StyleSheet::parse()` and applies CSS module validation
- Modified error handling in `process_content()` to call the new function and recover from minification errors by re-parsing
- Changed early returns to error emission followed by recovery attempts
- Added test fixtures and e2e tests to verify CSS parse error recovery works correctly
- Added snapshot tests showing expected output when CSS contains parse errors (valid rules are preserved, invalid ones are skipped)
- Skipped CSS parse error recovery e2e tests for webpack (webpack has its own CSS pipeline)
## Test Plan
- Added e2e tests in `css-parse-error-recovery.test.ts` that verify:
- Pages with CSS parse errors still render when using `turbopackIgnoreIssue` config
- Parse errors are properly reported in CLI output
- Added snapshot tests showing CSS output with parse errors, including modern CSS features (`::highlight`, `scroll-marker-group`, `oklch()` color conversion)
- Existing CSS tests continue to pass
When a `"use cache"` entry is newly generated during a prerender
(`prerender` or `prerender-runtime`), `collectResult` defers propagation
of cache life and tags to the outer context. This is because the entry
might later be omitted from the final prerender due to short expire or
stale times, and omitted entries should not affect the prerender's cache
life.
However, when a cache handler returns a hit for an existing entry,
`propagateCacheEntryMetadata` was called unconditionally, without the
same deferral logic. This meant that short-lived cache entries retrieved
from the cache handler could propagate their cache life to the prerender
store, even though they would later be omitted from the final render.
This inconsistency is currently not observable because runtime
prefetches use a prospective and final two-store architecture (see
`prospectiveRuntimeServerPrerender` and `finalRuntimeServerPrerender` in
`app-render.tsx`). The cache handler hit propagation corrupts the
prospective store, but the response is produced from the final store,
which reads from the resume data cache with correct stale and expire
checks. Static prerenders have a similar two-phase architecture that
masks the issue. Because of this, there is no test case that can observe
the incorrect behavior, but the fix avoids confusion and prevents the
inconsistency from becoming a real bug if the architecture changes.
This change extracts a `maybePropagateCacheEntryMetadata` function that
encapsulates the conditional propagation logic and is now called from
both the generation path (inside `collectResult`) and the cache handler
hit path. The resume data cache read path continues to call
`propagateCacheEntryMetadata` unconditionally, since it runs in the
final render phase after short-lived entries have already been filtered
out.
## Summary
- Fixes flaky test "per-page value overrides global staleTimes.dynamic
regardless of direction" introduced by #91437
- The test was flaky because `browser.back()` restored accordion state
from BFCache, causing previously-opened `LinkAccordion` links to be
immediately visible. This triggered uncontrolled re-prefetches outside
the `act` scope. When the `IntersectionObserver` fired inside a
subsequent `act` scope (after clock advancement), stale data would
trigger a prefetch that violated the `no-requests` assertion.
- Fix: instead of navigating back to a previously visited page, navigate
forward to fresh "hub" pages with their own `LinkAccordion` components.
Since these are never-visited pages, accordions start closed and no
uncontrolled prefetches are triggered.
- General principle: when using the router `act` test utility, always
use `LinkAccordion` to control when prefetches happen. Prefetches should
only be triggered inside an `act` scope by toggling an accordion, never
by navigating back to a page where links are already visible.
## Test plan
- [x] Ran the full test file 4 times locally — all 5 tests pass
consistently
Root params (e.g. `import { lang } from 'next/root-params'`) can now be read inside `"use cache"` functions. The read root param values are automatically included in the cache key so that different root param combinations produce separate cache entries.
Since which root params a cache function reads is only known after execution, the cache key is reconciled post-generation. When root params are read, a two-key scheme is used: the full entry is stored under a specific key (coarse key + root param suffix), and a lightweight redirect entry is stored under the coarse key. The redirect entry's tags encode the root param names using the pattern `_N_RP_<rootParamName>` (e.g. `_N_RP_lang`), following the convention of existing internal tags like `_N_T_<pathname>` (e.g. `_N_T_/dashboard`) for implicit route tags. This allows a cold server to resolve the specific key on the first request after restart. An in-memory map (`knownRootParamsByFunctionId`) provides a fast path for subsequent invocations. When no root params are read, the full entry is stored directly under the coarse key with no redirect involved.
The in-memory map grows monotonically — if a function conditionally reads different root params across invocations, the set accumulates all observed param names. The redirect entry's tags are built from this combined set, ensuring cold servers always resolve the most complete specific key.
The two-key scheme only applies to the cache handler. The Resume Data Cache (RDC) always uses the coarse key because each page gets its own isolated RDC instance, so root params are fixed within a single RDC and no disambiguation is needed. When an RDC entry is found during resume, it seeds `knownRootParamsByFunctionId` so that subsequent cache handler lookups can use the specific key directly.
Reading root params inside `unstable_cache` still throws. Reading root params inside `"use cache"` nested within `unstable_cache` throws with a specific error message explaining the limitation.
Alternatives considered: extending the `CacheEntry` interface (would be a breaking change for custom cache handlers), encoding root param metadata in the stream via a wrapper object, or sentinel byte, or Flightception (runtime overhead of stream manipulation on every cache read), and deferring `cacheHandler.set` until after generation (breaks the cache handler's pending-set deduplication for concurrent requests).
### Why?
TypeScript fails to infer the generic `P` from `Omit<P, 'children'>` in
the fallback function parameter.
```
Argument of type '(props: { title: string; }, { error, reset, unstable_retry }: ErrorInfo) => Element' is not assignable to parameter of type '(props: Omit<UserProps, "children">, errorInfo: ErrorInfo) => ReactNode'.
Types of parameters 'props' and 'props' are incompatible.
Property 'title' is missing in type 'Omit<UserProps, "children">' but required in type '{ title: string; }'.ts(2345)
catch-error-wrapper.tsx(7, 12): 'title' is declared here.
```
### What?
Fix the `description()` method of `DataUriSource` in Turbopack to include the full `data:` URI prefix in the display string.
**Before:** `data URI content (svg+xml;charset=utf8,...)`
**After:** `data URI content (data:svg+xml;charset=utf8,...)`
### Why?
The previous implementation only included the raw data content starting from the media type, omitting the `data:` scheme prefix. This made the description string look malformed and not recognizable as a data URI — especially in error messages where this description is shown to developers.
The fix reconstructs the proper data URI format (`data:<media_type>[;<encoding>],<data>`) before truncating it to 50 characters, so the displayed prefix is a valid (partial) data URI that developers can recognize and understand.
### How?
In `turbopack/crates/turbopack-core/src/data_uri_source.rs`, the `description()` function now builds the full data URI string first (`data:{media_type}{sep}{encoding},{data}`), then takes the first 50 characters of that. This ensures the `data:` scheme prefix is always present in the truncated display.
Closes NEXT-
Startup loading of APP_PAGE PPR entries seeded the in-memory cache from
disk using a size estimate that only counted html and the route-level
RSC payload. Empty-shell prerenders have 0-byte html and do not persist
a monolithic .rsc file, with the reusable data instead stored in
postponed metadata and per-segment .segment.rsc files. That made the
computed size 0, caused LRUCache to reject the seeded entry, and forced
the first request after next start to rerun prerender and rewrite the
build artifacts.
Account for postponed state and segment buffers when sizing APP_PAGE
cache entries so empty-shell prerenders can warm the startup cache the
same way contentful shells do. Add a production regression that asserts
both routes are emitted as build artifacts and that next start does not
rewrite them on the first request.
The regression skips deployment mode because it verifies self-hosted
behavior by inspecting local .next artifact mtimes, which is not a
portable signal in deployment mode. When deployed through an adapter it
is not expected that the local Next.js process is handling entries
through the Response cache reading from the `.next` folder anyway
This gets `cargo doc` clean, and enables it in CI so that we won't regress it (I'm open to removing this if it proves to be annoying).
I also cleaned up some documentation and even found some dead code (deleted `turbopack/crates/turbopack-dev-server/src/source/conditional.rs`).
This enables server HMR (formally, this is called server fast refresh)
by default for app router pages. For now, it's still disabled for routes
and middleware even with app router.
- Replaces `--experimental-server-fast-refresh` with
`--no-server-fast-refresh` to opt out
- Updates telemetry to record `feature.serverFastRefreshDisabled` when
the disable flag is passed
- [x] Verify `next dev` enables server HMR by default (Turbopack, app
dir, non-edge routes)
- [x] Verify `next dev --no-server-fast-refresh` disables it
- CI
This PR adds `unstable_catchError()` API for a granular custom error
boundary. The error component generated by this API is not a true
component format, as the wrapper provides additional args. Therefore,
the API is a function call by design rather than a boundary component to
avoid merging the `errorInfo` with the user-provided props from the
wrapper.
This API works for both the App/Pages Router. However, `retry()` is not
allowed in Pages Router as it depends on `router.refresh()`, and will
throw. Also, it's exported from `next/error` as there was already an
`Error` component for the [Pages
Router](https://nextjs.org/docs/pages/building-your-application/routing/custom-error#reusing-the-built-in-error-page).
### DevTools
<img width="508" height="90" alt="CleanShot 2026-03-13 at 03 02 46@2x"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/8b79b1f6-877d-4901-99f7-6a2b4d3e34fe"
/>
Docs to follow up: https://github.com/vercel/next.js/pull/89847
Closes NAR-768
---------
Co-authored-by: Josh Story <story@hey.com>
nextjs-bot
