feat: Implement pluggable multi-provider sandbox architecture (#12820)

## Summary

Implement a flexible sandbox provider system supporting both
self-managed (Docker) and SaaS (Aliyun Code Interpreter) backends for
secure code execution in agent workflows.

**Key Changes:**
- ✅ Aliyun Code Interpreter provider using official
`agentrun-sdk>=0.0.16`
- ✅ Self-managed provider with gVisor (runsc) security
- ✅ Arguments parameter support for dynamic code execution
- ✅ Database-only configuration (removed fallback logic)
- ✅ Configuration scripts for quick setup

Issue #12479

## Features

### 🔌 Provider Abstraction Layer

**1. Self-Managed Provider** (`agent/sandbox/providers/self_managed.py`)
- Wraps existing executor_manager HTTP API
- gVisor (runsc) for secure container isolation
- Configurable pool size, timeout, retry logic
- Languages: Python, Node.js, JavaScript
- ⚠️ **Requires**: gVisor installation, Docker, base images

**2. Aliyun Code Interpreter**
(`agent/sandbox/providers/aliyun_codeinterpreter.py`)
- SaaS integration using official agentrun-sdk
- Serverless microVM execution with auto-authentication
- Hard timeout: 30 seconds max
- Credentials: `AGENTRUN_ACCESS_KEY_ID`, `AGENTRUN_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET`,
`AGENTRUN_ACCOUNT_ID`, `AGENTRUN_REGION`
- Automatically wraps code to call `main()` function

**3. E2B Provider** (`agent/sandbox/providers/e2b.py`)
- Placeholder for future integration

### ⚙️ Configuration System

- `conf/system_settings.json`: Default provider =
`aliyun_codeinterpreter`
- `agent/sandbox/client.py`: Enforces database-only configuration
- Admin UI: `/admin/sandbox-settings`
- Configuration validation via `validate_config()` method
- Health checks for all providers

### 🎯 Key Capabilities

**Arguments Parameter Support:**
All providers support passing arguments to `main()` function:
```python
# User code
def main(name: str, count: int) -> dict:
    return {"message": f"Hello {name}!" * count}

# Executed with: arguments={"name": "World", "count": 3}
# Result: {"message": "Hello World!Hello World!Hello World!"}
```

**Self-Describing Providers:**
Each provider implements `get_config_schema()` returning form
configuration for Admin UI

**Error Handling:**
Structured `ExecutionResult` with stdout, stderr, exit_code,
execution_time

## Configuration Scripts

Two scripts for quick Aliyun sandbox setup:

**Shell Script (requires jq):**
```bash
source scripts/configure_aliyun_sandbox.sh
```

**Python Script (interactive):**
```bash
python3 scripts/configure_aliyun_sandbox.py
```

## Testing

```bash
# Unit tests
uv run pytest agent/sandbox/tests/test_providers.py -v

# Aliyun provider tests
uv run pytest agent/sandbox/tests/test_aliyun_codeinterpreter.py -v

# Integration tests (requires credentials)
uv run pytest agent/sandbox/tests/test_aliyun_codeinterpreter_integration.py -v

# Quick SDK validation
python3 agent/sandbox/tests/verify_sdk.py
```

**Test Coverage:**
- 30 unit tests for provider abstraction
- Provider-specific tests for Aliyun
- Integration tests with real API
- Security tests for executor_manager

## Documentation

- `docs/develop/sandbox_spec.md` - Complete architecture specification
- `agent/sandbox/tests/MIGRATION_GUIDE.md` - Migration from legacy
sandbox
- `agent/sandbox/tests/QUICKSTART.md` - Quick start guide
- `agent/sandbox/tests/README.md` - Testing documentation

## Breaking Changes

⚠️ **Migration Required:**

1. **Directory Move**: `sandbox/` → `agent/sandbox/`
   - Update imports: `from sandbox.` → `from agent.sandbox.`

2. **Mandatory Configuration**: 
   - SystemSettings must have `sandbox.provider_type` configured
   - Removed fallback default values
- Configuration must exist in database (from
`conf/system_settings.json`)

3. **Aliyun Credentials**:
   - Requires `AGENTRUN_*` environment variables (not `ALIYUN_*`)
   - `AGENTRUN_ACCOUNT_ID` is now required (Aliyun primary account ID)

4. **Self-Managed Provider**:
   - gVisor (runsc) must be installed for security
   - Install: `go install gvisor.dev/gvisor/runsc@latest`

## Database Schema Changes

```python
# SystemSettings.value: CharField → TextField
api/db/db_models.py: Changed for unlimited config length

# SystemSettingsService.get_by_name(): Fixed query precision
api/db/services/system_settings_service.py: startswith → exact match
```

## Files Changed

### Backend (Python)
- `agent/sandbox/providers/base.py` - SandboxProvider ABC interface
- `agent/sandbox/providers/manager.py` - ProviderManager
- `agent/sandbox/providers/self_managed.py` - Self-managed provider
- `agent/sandbox/providers/aliyun_codeinterpreter.py` - Aliyun provider
- `agent/sandbox/providers/e2b.py` - E2B provider (placeholder)
- `agent/sandbox/client.py` - Unified client (enforces DB-only config)
- `agent/tools/code_exec.py` - Updated to use provider system
- `admin/server/services.py` - SandboxMgr with registry & validation
- `admin/server/routes.py` - 5 sandbox API endpoints
- `conf/system_settings.json` - Default: aliyun_codeinterpreter
- `api/db/db_models.py` - TextField for SystemSettings.value
- `api/db/services/system_settings_service.py` - Exact match query

### Frontend (TypeScript/React)
- `web/src/pages/admin/sandbox-settings.tsx` - Settings UI
- `web/src/services/admin-service.ts` - Sandbox service functions
- `web/src/services/admin.service.d.ts` - Type definitions
- `web/src/utils/api.ts` - Sandbox API endpoints

### Documentation
- `docs/develop/sandbox_spec.md` - Architecture spec
- `agent/sandbox/tests/MIGRATION_GUIDE.md` - Migration guide
- `agent/sandbox/tests/QUICKSTART.md` - Quick start
- `agent/sandbox/tests/README.md` - Testing guide

### Configuration Scripts
- `scripts/configure_aliyun_sandbox.sh` - Shell script (jq)
- `scripts/configure_aliyun_sandbox.py` - Python script

### Tests
- `agent/sandbox/tests/test_providers.py` - 30 unit tests
- `agent/sandbox/tests/test_aliyun_codeinterpreter.py` - Provider tests
- `agent/sandbox/tests/test_aliyun_codeinterpreter_integration.py` -
Integration tests
- `agent/sandbox/tests/verify_sdk.py` - SDK validation

## Architecture

```
Admin UI → Admin API → SandboxMgr → ProviderManager → [SelfManaged|Aliyun|E2B]
                                      ↓
                                  SystemSettings
```

## Usage

### 1. Configure Provider

**Via Admin UI:**
1. Navigate to `/admin/sandbox-settings`
2. Select provider (Aliyun Code Interpreter / Self-Managed)
3. Fill in configuration
4. Click "Test Connection" to verify
5. Click "Save" to apply

**Via Configuration Scripts:**
```bash
# Aliyun provider
export AGENTRUN_ACCESS_KEY_ID="xxx"
export AGENTRUN_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET="yyy"
export AGENTRUN_ACCOUNT_ID="zzz"
export AGENTRUN_REGION="cn-shanghai"
source scripts/configure_aliyun_sandbox.sh
```

### 2. Restart Service

```bash
cd docker
docker compose restart ragflow-server
```

### 3. Execute Code in Agent

```python
from agent.sandbox.client import execute_code

result = execute_code(
    code='def main(name: str) -> dict: return {"message": f"Hello {name}!"}',
    language="python",
    timeout=30,
    arguments={"name": "World"}
)

print(result.stdout)  # {"message": "Hello World!"}
```

## Troubleshooting

### "Container pool is busy" (Self-Managed)
- **Cause**: Pool exhausted (default: 1 container in `.env`)
- **Fix**: Increase `SANDBOX_EXECUTOR_MANAGER_POOL_SIZE` to 5+

### "Sandbox provider type not configured"
- **Cause**: Database missing configuration
- **Fix**: Run config script or set via Admin UI

### "gVisor not found"
- **Cause**: runsc not installed
- **Fix**: `go install gvisor.dev/gvisor/runsc@latest && sudo cp
~/go/bin/runsc /usr/local/bin/`

### Aliyun authentication errors
- **Cause**: Wrong environment variable names
- **Fix**: Use `AGENTRUN_*` prefix (not `ALIYUN_*`)

## Checklist

- [x] All tests passing (30 unit tests + integration tests)
- [x] Documentation updated (spec, migration guide, quickstart)
- [x] Type definitions added (TypeScript)
- [x] Admin UI implemented
- [x] Configuration validation
- [x] Health checks implemented
- [x] Error handling with structured results
- [x] Breaking changes documented
- [x] Configuration scripts created
- [x] gVisor requirements documented

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

web/src/services/admin-service.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { history } from '@/utils/simple-history-util';
-import { message, notification } from 'antd';
 import axios from 'axios';
 
+import message from '@/components/ui/message';
 import { Authorization } from '@/constants/authorization';
 import i18n from '@/locales/config';
 import { Routes } from '@/routes';
@@ -41,38 +41,34 @@ request.interceptors.response.use(
     if (data?.code === 100) {
       message.error(data?.message);
     } else if (data?.code === 401) {
-      notification.error({
-        message: data?.message,
+      message.error(data?.message, {
         description: data?.message,
-        duration: 3,
       });
 
       authorizationUtil.removeAll();
       history.push(Routes.Admin);
       window.location.reload();
     } else if (data?.code && data.code !== 0) {
-      notification.error({
-        message: `${i18n.t('message.hint')}: ${data?.code}`,
+      message.error(`${i18n.t('message.hint')}: ${data?.code}`, {
         description: data?.message,
-        duration: 3,
       });
     }
 
     return response;
   },
   (error) => {
-    const { response, message } = error;
+    const { response } = error;
     const { data } = response ?? {};
 
     if (error.message === 'Failed to fetch') {
-      notification.error({
+      message.error({
         description: i18n.t('message.networkAnomalyDescription'),
         message: i18n.t('message.networkAnomaly'),
       });
     } else if (data?.code === 100) {
       message.error(data?.message);
     } else if (response.status === 401 || data?.code === 401) {
-      notification.error({
+      message.error({
         message: data?.message || response.statusText,
         description:
           data?.message || RetcodeMessage[response?.status as ResultCode],
@@ -83,13 +79,13 @@ request.interceptors.response.use(
       history.push(Routes.Admin);
       window.location.reload();
     } else if (data?.code && data.code !== 0) {
-      notification.error({
+      message.error({
         message: `${i18n.t('message.hint')}: ${data?.code}`,
         description: data?.message,
         duration: 3,
       });
     } else if (response.status) {
-      notification.error({
+      message.error({
         message: `${i18n.t('message.requestError')} ${response.status}: ${response.config.url}`,
         description:
           RetcodeMessage[response.status as ResultCode] || response.statusText,
@@ -138,6 +134,12 @@ const {
   adminImportWhitelist,
 
   adminGetSystemVersion,
+
+  adminListSandboxProviders,
+  adminGetSandboxProviderSchema,
+  adminGetSandboxConfig,
+  adminSetSandboxConfig,
+  adminTestSandboxConnection,
 } = api;
 
 type ResponseData<D = NonNullable<unknown>> = {
@@ -270,3 +272,49 @@ export const importWhitelistFromExcel = (file: File) => {
 
 export const getSystemVersion = () =>
   request.get<ResponseData<{ version: string }>>(adminGetSystemVersion);
+
+// Sandbox settings APIs
+export const listSandboxProviders = () =>
+  request.get<ResponseData<AdminService.SandboxProvider[]>>(
+    adminListSandboxProviders,
+  );
+
+export const getSandboxProviderSchema = (providerId: string) =>
+  request.get<ResponseData<Record<string, AdminService.SandboxConfigField>>>(
+    adminGetSandboxProviderSchema(providerId),
+  );
+
+export const getSandboxConfig = () =>
+  request.get<ResponseData<AdminService.SandboxConfig>>(adminGetSandboxConfig);
+
+export const setSandboxConfig = (params: {
+  providerType: string;
+  config: Record<string, unknown>;
+}) =>
+  request.post<ResponseData<AdminService.SandboxConfig>>(
+    adminSetSandboxConfig,
+    {
+      provider_type: params.providerType,
+      config: params.config,
+    },
+  );
+
+export const testSandboxConnection = (params: {
+  providerType: string;
+  config: Record<string, unknown>;
+}) =>
+  request.post<
+    ResponseData<{
+      success: boolean;
+      message: string;
+      details?: {
+        exit_code: number;
+        execution_time: number;
+        stdout: string;
+        stderr: string;
+      };
+    }>
+  >(adminTestSandboxConnection, {
+    provider_type: params.providerType,
+    config: params.config,
+  });

web/src/services/admin.service.d.ts

@@ -166,4 +166,29 @@ declare module AdminService {
     update_date: string;
     update_time: number;
   };
+
+  // Sandbox settings types
+  export type SandboxProvider = {
+    id: string;
+    name: string;
+    description: string;
+    tags: string[];
+  };
+
+  export type SandboxConfigField = {
+    type: 'string' | 'integer' | 'boolean' | 'json';
+    required?: boolean;
+    label?: string;
+    placeholder?: string;
+    default?: string | number | boolean;
+    min?: number;
+    max?: number;
+    description?: string;
+    secret?: boolean;
+  };
+
+  export type SandboxConfig = {
+    provider_type: string;
+    config: Record<string, unknown>;
+  };
 }