fix(metadata): preserve empty AND results across filter conditions (#15386)

## Summary
- Fix `meta_filter()` AND logic so an empty result from an early
condition is not overwritten when a later condition matches.
- Add regression tests for empty-first AND, successful AND intersection,
and OR behavior after an empty first condition.

Fixes incorrect `/retrieval` metadata filtering when multiple AND
conditions are used and the first condition matches no documents.

Closes #15360

## Test plan
- [x] `pytest test/unit_test/common/test_metadata_filter_operators.py
-v` (19/19 passed)

test/unit_test/common/test_metadata_filter_operators.py

@@ -125,3 +125,42 @@ def test_less_than_or_equal():
     filters = [{"key": "score", "op": "≤", "value": "5"}]
 
     assert set(meta_filter(metas, filters)) == {"doc1", "doc3"}
+
+
+def test_and_logic_returns_empty_when_first_condition_matches_nothing():
+    metas = {
+        "author": {"Alice": ["doc1"]},
+        "page_count": {"40": ["doc2"], "10": ["doc3"]},
+    }
+    filters = [
+        {"key": "author", "op": "contains", "value": "Toby"},
+        {"key": "page_count", "op": ">", "value": "30"},
+    ]
+
+    assert meta_filter(metas, filters, logic="and") == []
+
+
+def test_and_logic_intersects_matching_conditions():
+    metas = {
+        "author": {"Toby Jones": ["doc1"], "Alice": ["doc2"]},
+        "page_count": {"40": ["doc1"], "10": ["doc2"]},
+    }
+    filters = [
+        {"key": "author", "op": "contains", "value": "Toby"},
+        {"key": "page_count", "op": ">", "value": "30"},
+    ]
+
+    assert meta_filter(metas, filters, logic="and") == ["doc1"]
+
+
+def test_or_logic_still_unions_after_empty_first_condition():
+    metas = {
+        "author": {"Alice": ["doc1"]},
+        "page_count": {"40": ["doc2"], "10": ["doc3"]},
+    }
+    filters = [
+        {"key": "author", "op": "contains", "value": "Toby"},
+        {"key": "page_count", "op": ">", "value": "30"},
+    ]
+
+    assert set(meta_filter(metas, filters, logic="or")) == {"doc2"}