fix(metadata): preserve empty AND results across filter conditions (#15386)

## Summary
- Fix `meta_filter()` AND logic so an empty result from an early
condition is not overwritten when a later condition matches.
- Add regression tests for empty-first AND, successful AND intersection,
and OR behavior after an empty first condition.

Fixes incorrect `/retrieval` metadata filtering when multiple AND
conditions are used and the first condition matches no documents.

Closes #15360

## Test plan
- [x] `pytest test/unit_test/common/test_metadata_filter_operators.py
-v` (19/19 passed)

common/metadata_utils.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def convert_conditions(metadata_condition):
 
 
 def meta_filter(metas: dict, filters: list[dict], logic: str = "and"):
-    doc_ids = set([])
+    doc_ids = None
 
     def normalize_string_values(value):
         if isinstance(value, str):
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ def meta_filter(metas: dict, filters: list[dict], logic: str = "and"):
             v2docs = metas[k]
             ids = filter_out(v2docs, f["op"], f["value"])
 
-        if not doc_ids:
+        if doc_ids is None:
             doc_ids = set(ids)
         else:
             if logic == "and":
@@ -169,8 +169,7 @@ def meta_filter(metas: dict, filters: list[dict], logic: str = "and"):
                     return []
             else:
                 doc_ids = doc_ids | set(ids)
-    logging.debug(f"meta_filter filters={filters}, logic={logic}, returning doc_ids={list(doc_ids)}")
-    return list(doc_ids)
+    return list(doc_ids or [])
 
 
 async def apply_meta_data_filter(