diff --git a/web/src/components/markdown-content/index.tsx b/web/src/components/markdown-content/index.tsx
index 9789987491..57df99c2a8 100644
--- a/web/src/components/markdown-content/index.tsx
+++ b/web/src/components/markdown-content/index.tsx
@@ -21,11 +21,13 @@ import { useFetchDocumentThumbnailsByIds } from '@/hooks/use-document-request';
 import { useLoadingPause } from '@/hooks/use-loading-pause';
 import {
   currentReg,
+  escapeUnmatchedAngleBrackets,
   parseCitationIndex,
   preprocessLaTeX,
   replaceRetrievingToSection,
   replaceTextByOldReg,
   replaceThinkToSection,
+  unescapeAngleBrackets,
 } from '@/utils/chat';
 import classNames from 'classnames';
 import { omit } from 'lodash';
@@ -65,7 +67,11 @@ const MarkdownContent = ({
   const { setDocumentIds, data: fileThumbnails } =
     useFetchDocumentThumbnailsByIds();
   const contentWithCursor = useMemo(() => {
-    let text = DOMPurify.sanitize(content, {
+    // Escape standalone < and > outside matched <...> tags
+    // so DOMPurify doesn't strip them as HTML.
+    const safeContent = escapeUnmatchedAngleBrackets(content);
+
+    let text = DOMPurify.sanitize(safeContent, {
       ADD_TAGS: ['think', 'section', 'details', 'summary', 'retrieving'],
       ADD_ATTR: ['class'],
     });
@@ -78,11 +84,13 @@ const MarkdownContent = ({
     const thinkSummary = loading
       ? `${t('chat.thinking')}...`
       : t('chat.thought');
-    return pipe(
-      (value: string) => replaceThinkToSection(value, thinkSummary),
-      replaceRetrievingToSection,
-      preprocessLaTeX,
-    )(nextText);
+    return unescapeAngleBrackets(
+      pipe(
+        (value: string) => replaceThinkToSection(value, thinkSummary),
+        replaceRetrievingToSection,
+        preprocessLaTeX,
+      )(nextText),
+    );
   }, [content, loading, t]);
 
   useEffect(() => {
diff --git a/web/src/components/next-markdown-content/index.tsx b/web/src/components/next-markdown-content/index.tsx
index 62d3ff80a9..5358fcf6fd 100644
--- a/web/src/components/next-markdown-content/index.tsx
+++ b/web/src/components/next-markdown-content/index.tsx
@@ -19,11 +19,13 @@ import 'katex/dist/katex.min.css'; // `rehype-katex` does not import the CSS for
 
 import {
   currentReg,
+  escapeUnmatchedAngleBrackets,
   parseCitationIndex,
   preprocessLaTeX,
   replaceRetrievingToSection,
   replaceTextByOldReg,
   replaceThinkToSection,
+  unescapeAngleBrackets,
 } from '@/utils/chat';
 import { citationMarkerReg } from '@/utils/citation-utils';
 import { getDirAttribute } from '@/utils/text-direction';
@@ -172,7 +174,11 @@ function MarkdownContent({
   const { setDocumentIds, data: fileThumbnails } =
     useFetchDocumentThumbnailsByIds();
   const contentWithCursor = useMemo(() => {
-    let text = DOMPurify.sanitize(content, {
+    // Escape standalone < and > outside matched <...> tags
+    // so DOMPurify doesn't strip them as HTML.
+    const safeContent = escapeUnmatchedAngleBrackets(content);
+
+    let text = DOMPurify.sanitize(safeContent, {
       ADD_TAGS: ['think', 'section', 'details', 'summary', 'retrieving'],
       ADD_ATTR: ['class'],
     });
@@ -184,11 +190,13 @@ function MarkdownContent({
     const thinkSummary = loading
       ? `${t('chat.thinking')}...`
       : t('chat.thought');
-    return pipe(
-      (value: string) => replaceThinkToSection(value, thinkSummary),
-      replaceRetrievingToSection,
-      preprocessLaTeX,
-    )(nextText);
+    return unescapeAngleBrackets(
+      pipe(
+        (value: string) => replaceThinkToSection(value, thinkSummary),
+        replaceRetrievingToSection,
+        preprocessLaTeX,
+      )(nextText),
+    );
   }, [content, loading, t]);
 
   useEffect(() => {
diff --git a/web/src/pages/next-search/markdown-content/index.tsx b/web/src/pages/next-search/markdown-content/index.tsx
index 8b05ecd508..bd5eb63c95 100644
--- a/web/src/pages/next-search/markdown-content/index.tsx
+++ b/web/src/pages/next-search/markdown-content/index.tsx
@@ -17,11 +17,13 @@ import 'katex/dist/katex.min.css'; // `rehype-katex` does not import the CSS for
 
 import {
   currentReg,
+  escapeUnmatchedAngleBrackets,
   parseCitationIndex,
   preprocessLaTeX,
   replaceRetrievingToSection,
   replaceTextByOldReg,
   replaceThinkToSection,
+  unescapeAngleBrackets,
 } from '@/utils/chat';
 import { citationMarkerReg } from '@/utils/citation-utils';
 import { getDirAttribute } from '@/utils/text-direction';
@@ -66,7 +68,11 @@ const MarkdownContent = ({
   const { setDocumentIds, data: fileThumbnails } =
     useFetchDocumentThumbnailsByIds();
   const contentWithCursor = useMemo(() => {
-    let text = DOMPurify.sanitize(content, {
+    // Escape standalone < and > outside matched <...> tags
+    // so DOMPurify doesn't strip them as HTML.
+    const safeContent = escapeUnmatchedAngleBrackets(content);
+
+    let text = DOMPurify.sanitize(safeContent, {
       ADD_TAGS: ['think', 'section', 'details', 'summary', 'retrieving'],
       ADD_ATTR: ['class'],
     });
@@ -75,11 +81,13 @@ const MarkdownContent = ({
       text = t('chat.searching');
     }
     const nextText = replaceTextByOldReg(text);
-    return pipe(
-      replaceThinkToSection,
-      replaceRetrievingToSection,
-      preprocessLaTeX,
-    )(nextText);
+    return unescapeAngleBrackets(
+      pipe(
+        replaceThinkToSection,
+        replaceRetrievingToSection,
+        preprocessLaTeX,
+      )(nextText),
+    );
   }, [content, t]);
 
   useEffect(() => {
diff --git a/web/src/utils/chat.ts b/web/src/utils/chat.ts
index 5b5bfd2cae..54a88d4c5c 100644
--- a/web/src/utils/chat.ts
+++ b/web/src/utils/chat.ts
@@ -103,6 +103,56 @@ export function replaceRetrievingToSection(text: string = '') {
   return result;
 }
 
+// Placeholder markers used internally to protect standalone < and > from
+// DOMPurify stripping. These Unicode symbols (U+27E8/U+27E9) are extremely
+// unlikely to appear in normal user input.
+const LT_MARKER = '\u27E8LT\u27E9';
+const GT_MARKER = '\u27E8GT\u27E9';
+
+/**
+ * Escape standalone < and > that are NOT part of a matched <...> pair,
+ * so that DOMPurify won't strip them as HTML tags.
+ * Only brackets inside text segments (outside complete tags) are escaped;
+ * matched <...> tags are left intact for DOMPurify to handle.
+ */
+export function escapeUnmatchedAngleBrackets(content: string): string {
+  if (!content) return content;
+
+  const segments: string[] = [];
+  const tags: string[] = [];
+  let lastIndex = 0;
+
+  const regex = /<[^>]*>/g;
+  let match: RegExpExecArray | null;
+
+  while ((match = regex.exec(content)) !== null) {
+    segments.push(content.slice(lastIndex, match.index));
+    tags.push(match[0]);
+    lastIndex = regex.lastIndex;
+  }
+  segments.push(content.slice(lastIndex));
+
+  const escapedSegments = segments.map((seg) =>
+    seg.replace(/</g, LT_MARKER).replace(/>/g, GT_MARKER),
+  );
+
+  return escapedSegments
+    .map((seg, i) => (i < tags.length ? seg + tags[i] : seg))
+    .join('');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Restore escaped angle bracket markers back to HTML entities (&lt;/&gt;).
+ * Must be called *after* preprocessLaTeX (which would otherwise convert
+ * &lt;/&gt; back to raw <, >).
+ */
+export function unescapeAngleBrackets(content: string): string {
+  if (!content) return content;
+  return content
+    .replace(new RegExp(LT_MARKER, 'g'), '&lt;')
+    .replace(new RegExp(GT_MARKER, 'g'), '&gt;');
+}
+
 export function setInitialChatVariableEnabledFieldValue(
   field: ChatVariableEnabledField,
 ) {