diff --git a/internal/entity/models/cohere.go b/internal/entity/models/cohere.go
index 00b061d692..5f4877ebe1 100644
--- a/internal/entity/models/cohere.go
+++ b/internal/entity/models/cohere.go
@@ -691,10 +691,10 @@ func (c *CoHereModel) ListModels(apiConfig *APIConfig) ([]ListModelResponse, err
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to unmarshal response: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	models := make([]DSModel, 0, len(result.Models))
+	models := make([]ModelListItem, 0, len(result.Models))
 	for _, model := range result.Models {
 		if model.ModelName != "" {
-			models = append(models, DSModel{
+			models = append(models, ModelListItem{
 				ID:      model.ModelName,
 				OwnedBy: c.Name(),
 			})
diff --git a/internal/entity/models/deepinfra.go b/internal/entity/models/deepinfra.go
index b47f6373ef..60c827f7d3 100644
--- a/internal/entity/models/deepinfra.go
+++ b/internal/entity/models/deepinfra.go
@@ -862,10 +862,10 @@ func (d *DeepInfraModel) ListModels(apiConfig *APIConfig) ([]ListModelResponse,
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to unmarshal response: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	models := make([]DSModel, 0, len(result))
+	models := make([]ModelListItem, 0, len(result))
 	for _, model := range result {
 		if model.ModelName != "" {
-			models = append(models, DSModel{
+			models = append(models, ModelListItem{
 				ID:      model.ModelName,
 				OwnedBy: d.Name(),
 			})
diff --git a/internal/entity/models/deepseek.go b/internal/entity/models/deepseek.go
index 36eb8243ab..21bfaa2b10 100644
--- a/internal/entity/models/deepseek.go
+++ b/internal/entity/models/deepseek.go
@@ -492,12 +492,6 @@ func (d *DeepSeekModel) Embed(modelName *string, texts []string, apiConfig *APIC
 	return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s, no such method", d.Name())
 }
 
-type DSModel struct {
-	ID      string `json:"id"`
-	Object  string `json:"object"`
-	OwnedBy string `json:"owned_by"`
-}
-
 func (d *DeepSeekModel) ListModels(apiConfig *APIConfig) ([]ListModelResponse, error) {
 	if err := d.baseModel.APIConfigCheck(apiConfig); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
diff --git a/internal/entity/models/fishaudio.go b/internal/entity/models/fishaudio.go
index 14e358a27b..df05c7c1ec 100644
--- a/internal/entity/models/fishaudio.go
+++ b/internal/entity/models/fishaudio.go
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ func (f *FishAudioModel) ListModels(apiConfig *APIConfig) ([]ListModelResponse,
 		if name == "" {
 			continue
 		}
-		modelList.Models = append(modelList.Models, DSModel{ID: name})
+		modelList.Models = append(modelList.Models, ModelListItem{ID: name})
 	}
 
 	return ParseListModel(modelList), nil
diff --git a/internal/entity/models/gitee_test.go b/internal/entity/models/gitee_test.go
index 1c653091e2..e8e96acfbf 100644
--- a/internal/entity/models/gitee_test.go
+++ b/internal/entity/models/gitee_test.go
@@ -97,12 +97,12 @@ func TestGiteeListModelsMapsAllDeepSeekAliasesToModelMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 
 		resp := ModelList{
 			Object: "list",
-			Models: make([]DSModel, 0, len(aliases)+1),
+			Models: make([]ModelListItem, 0, len(aliases)+1),
 		}
 		for _, alias := range aliases {
-			resp.Models = append(resp.Models, DSModel{ID: alias})
+			resp.Models = append(resp.Models, ModelListItem{ID: alias})
 		}
-		resp.Models = append(resp.Models, DSModel{ID: "unknown-model"})
+		resp.Models = append(resp.Models, ModelListItem{ID: "unknown-model"})
 
 		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 		if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(resp); err != nil {
diff --git a/internal/entity/models/google.go b/internal/entity/models/google.go
index 8add9fa66b..171f096ddf 100644
--- a/internal/entity/models/google.go
+++ b/internal/entity/models/google.go
@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ import (
 )
 
 type googleModelPage struct {
-	items         []DSModel
+	items         []ModelListItem
 	nextPageToken string
 }
 
 func collectGoogleModelNames(ctx context.Context, listPage func(context.Context, string) (googleModelPage, error)) ([]ListModelResponse, error) {
-	var models []DSModel
+	var models []ModelListItem
 	pageToken := ""
 
 	for {
@@ -60,14 +60,14 @@ var googleListModels = func(ctx context.Context, config *genai.ClientConfig) ([]
 			return googleModelPage{}, err
 		}
 
-		var modelNames []DSModel
+		var modelNames []ModelListItem
 		for _, m := range models.Items {
 			modelName := strings.TrimSpace(m.DisplayName)
 			if modelName == "" {
 				modelName = strings.TrimSpace(m.Name)
 			}
 			if modelName != "" {
-				modelNames = append(modelNames, DSModel{
+				modelNames = append(modelNames, ModelListItem{
 					ID:      modelName,
 					OwnedBy: "Google",
 				})
diff --git a/internal/entity/models/google_test.go b/internal/entity/models/google_test.go
index 327150f8b2..f19cbb1ce1 100644
--- a/internal/entity/models/google_test.go
+++ b/internal/entity/models/google_test.go
@@ -329,8 +329,8 @@ func TestGoogleModelListModelsPassesBaseURL(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestCollectGoogleModelNamesPaginates(t *testing.T) {
 	pages := []googleModelPage{
-		{items: []DSModel{{ID: "Gemini 2.5 Flash", OwnedBy: "Google"}}, nextPageToken: "page-2"},
-		{items: []DSModel{{ID: "Gemini 2.5 Pro", OwnedBy: "Google"}}, nextPageToken: ""},
+		{items: []ModelListItem{{ID: "Gemini 2.5 Flash", OwnedBy: "Google"}}, nextPageToken: "page-2"},
+		{items: []ModelListItem{{ID: "Gemini 2.5 Pro", OwnedBy: "Google"}}, nextPageToken: ""},
 	}
 	var pageTokens []string
 
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ func TestCollectGoogleModelNamesReturnsPageError(t *testing.T) {
 	_, err := collectGoogleModelNames(context.Background(), func(context.Context, string) (googleModelPage, error) {
 		calls++
 		if calls == 1 {
-			return googleModelPage{items: []DSModel{{ID: "Gemini 2.5 Flash", OwnedBy: "Google"}}, nextPageToken: "page-2"}, nil
+			return googleModelPage{items: []ModelListItem{{ID: "Gemini 2.5 Flash", OwnedBy: "Google"}}, nextPageToken: "page-2"}, nil
 		}
 		return googleModelPage{}, pageErr
 	})
diff --git a/internal/entity/models/gpustack.go b/internal/entity/models/gpustack.go
index 5ef29a047f..d3dd772100 100644
--- a/internal/entity/models/gpustack.go
+++ b/internal/entity/models/gpustack.go
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ type gpustackModelInfo struct {
 }
 
 type gpustackModelsResponse struct {
-	Data []DSModel `json:"data"`
+	Data []ModelListItem `json:"data"`
 }
 
 func (g *GPUStackModel) ListModels(apiConfig *APIConfig) ([]ListModelResponse, error) {
diff --git a/internal/entity/models/groq.go b/internal/entity/models/groq.go
index 5f2aa09d9a..8b034681b6 100644
--- a/internal/entity/models/groq.go
+++ b/internal/entity/models/groq.go
@@ -288,8 +288,8 @@ type groqModelInfo struct {
 }
 
 type groqListModelsResponse struct {
-	Data  []DSModel   `json:"data"`
-	Error interface{} `json:"error"`
+	Data  []ModelListItem `json:"data"`
+	Error interface{}     `json:"error"`
 }
 
 func (g *GroqModel) ListModels(apiConfig *APIConfig) ([]ListModelResponse, error) {
diff --git a/internal/entity/models/huaweicloud.go b/internal/entity/models/huaweicloud.go
index 3a755f3ec4..a4795ad714 100644
--- a/internal/entity/models/huaweicloud.go
+++ b/internal/entity/models/huaweicloud.go
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ func (h *HuaweiCloudModel) ListModels(apiConfig *APIConfig) ([]ListModelResponse
 	}
 
 	var parsed struct {
-		Data []DSModel `json:"data"`
+		Data []ModelListItem `json:"data"`
 	}
 	if err = json.Unmarshal(body, &parsed); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode response: %w", err)
diff --git a/internal/entity/models/jiekouai.go b/internal/entity/models/jiekouai.go
index f6d7e0bdc0..31b6a19a57 100644
--- a/internal/entity/models/jiekouai.go
+++ b/internal/entity/models/jiekouai.go
@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ func (j *JieKouAIModel) ListModels(apiConfig *APIConfig) ([]ListModelResponse, e
 	}
 
 	var result struct {
-		Data []DSModel `json:"data"`
+		Data []ModelListItem `json:"data"`
 	}
 	if err = json.Unmarshal(body, &result); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse response: %w", err)
diff --git a/internal/entity/models/jina.go b/internal/entity/models/jina.go
index 4fd11f731f..b10e803915 100644
--- a/internal/entity/models/jina.go
+++ b/internal/entity/models/jina.go
@@ -359,10 +359,10 @@ func (j *JinaModel) ListModels(apiConfig *APIConfig) ([]ListModelResponse, error
 	}
 
 	// convert result["data"] to []map[string]interface{}
-	models := make([]DSModel, 0, len(result["data"].([]interface{})))
+	models := make([]ModelListItem, 0, len(result["data"].([]interface{})))
 	for _, model := range result["data"].([]interface{}) {
 		modelName := model.(map[string]interface{})["name"].(string)
-		models = append(models, DSModel{
+		models = append(models, ModelListItem{
 			ID:      modelName,
 			OwnedBy: "",
 		})
diff --git a/internal/entity/models/longcat.go b/internal/entity/models/longcat.go
index c367faabe8..856b6c81ca 100644
--- a/internal/entity/models/longcat.go
+++ b/internal/entity/models/longcat.go
@@ -303,8 +303,8 @@ type longCatModelInfo struct {
 }
 
 type longCatListModelsResponse struct {
-	Data  []DSModel   `json:"data"`
-	Error interface{} `json:"error"`
+	Data  []ModelListItem `json:"data"`
+	Error interface{}     `json:"error"`
 }
 
 const longCatMaxListModelsResponseBytes = 1 << 20
diff --git a/internal/entity/models/modelscope.go b/internal/entity/models/modelscope.go
index 83cd9237c1..fc9bd6c99c 100644
--- a/internal/entity/models/modelscope.go
+++ b/internal/entity/models/modelscope.go
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ type modelscopeChatResponse struct {
 }
 
 type modelscopeModelListResponse struct {
-	Data []DSModel `json:"data"`
+	Data []ModelListItem `json:"data"`
 }
 
 // NewModelScopeModel creates a new ModelScope model instance.
diff --git a/internal/entity/models/n1n.go b/internal/entity/models/n1n.go
index a9bac61596..7cc0f7e0a8 100644
--- a/internal/entity/models/n1n.go
+++ b/internal/entity/models/n1n.go
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ type n1nModelCatalogItem struct {
 }
 
 type n1nModelCatalogResponse struct {
-	Data []DSModel `json:"data"`
+	Data []ModelListItem `json:"data"`
 }
 
 // ListModels returns the live n1n.ai model catalog
diff --git a/internal/entity/models/ollama.go b/internal/entity/models/ollama.go
index 0c0878ae32..e04e02f89c 100644
--- a/internal/entity/models/ollama.go
+++ b/internal/entity/models/ollama.go
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ func (o *OllamaModel) ListModels(apiConfig *APIConfig) ([]ListModelResponse, err
 		if name == "" {
 			continue
 		}
-		modelList.Models = append(modelList.Models, DSModel{ID: name})
+		modelList.Models = append(modelList.Models, ModelListItem{ID: name})
 	}
 
 	return ParseListModel(modelList), nil
diff --git a/internal/entity/models/perplexity.go b/internal/entity/models/perplexity.go
index 40d8c10e5d..6f10d9c074 100644
--- a/internal/entity/models/perplexity.go
+++ b/internal/entity/models/perplexity.go
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ type perplexityModelInfo struct {
 }
 
 type perplexityModelListResponse struct {
-	Data []DSModel `json:"data"`
+	Data []ModelListItem `json:"data"`
 }
 
 func (p *PerplexityModel) ListModels(apiConfig *APIConfig) ([]ListModelResponse, error) {
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ func (p *PerplexityModel) ListModels(apiConfig *APIConfig) ([]ListModelResponse,
 		return ParseListModel(ModelList{Models: wrapped.Data}), nil
 	}
 
-	var bare []DSModel
+	var bare []ModelListItem
 	if err = json.Unmarshal(body, &bare); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse response: %w", err)
 	}
diff --git a/internal/entity/models/ppio.go b/internal/entity/models/ppio.go
index 181b4489a6..aa3a6d590b 100644
--- a/internal/entity/models/ppio.go
+++ b/internal/entity/models/ppio.go
@@ -275,8 +275,8 @@ type ppioModelInfo struct {
 }
 
 type ppioListModelsResponse struct {
-	Data  []DSModel   `json:"data"`
-	Error interface{} `json:"error"`
+	Data  []ModelListItem `json:"data"`
+	Error interface{}     `json:"error"`
 }
 
 func (p *PPIOModel) ListModels(apiConfig *APIConfig) ([]ListModelResponse, error) {
diff --git a/internal/entity/models/replicate.go b/internal/entity/models/replicate.go
index ae0b16f7d8..b208bd4c8c 100644
--- a/internal/entity/models/replicate.go
+++ b/internal/entity/models/replicate.go
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ func (r *ReplicateModel) ListModels(apiConfig *APIConfig) ([]ListModelResponse,
 		if modelName == "" {
 			continue
 		}
-		modelList.Models = append(modelList.Models, DSModel{
+		modelList.Models = append(modelList.Models, ModelListItem{
 			ID: modelName,
 		})
 	}
diff --git a/internal/entity/models/togetherai.go b/internal/entity/models/togetherai.go
index c1d9fae969..e137f543d4 100644
--- a/internal/entity/models/togetherai.go
+++ b/internal/entity/models/togetherai.go
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ func (t *TogetherAIModel) ListModels(apiConfig *APIConfig) ([]ListModelResponse,
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("API request failed with status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
 	}
 
-	var result []DSModel
+	var result []ModelListItem
 	if err = json.Unmarshal(body, &result); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse response: %w", err)
 	}
diff --git a/internal/entity/models/tokenhub.go b/internal/entity/models/tokenhub.go
index a44a24198e..a01b17d342 100644
--- a/internal/entity/models/tokenhub.go
+++ b/internal/entity/models/tokenhub.go
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ func (t *TokenHubModel) ListModels(apiConfig *APIConfig) ([]ListModelResponse, e
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid models list format")
 	}
-	modelList := ModelList{Models: make([]DSModel, 0, len(rawItems))}
+	modelList := ModelList{Models: make([]ModelListItem, 0, len(rawItems))}
 	for _, raw := range rawItems {
 		item, ok := raw.(map[string]interface{})
 		if !ok {
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ func (t *TokenHubModel) ListModels(apiConfig *APIConfig) ([]ListModelResponse, e
 			continue
 		}
 		ownedBy, _ := item["owned_by"].(string)
-		modelList.Models = append(modelList.Models, DSModel{ID: id, OwnedBy: ownedBy})
+		modelList.Models = append(modelList.Models, ModelListItem{ID: id, OwnedBy: ownedBy})
 	}
 
 	return ParseListModel(modelList), nil
diff --git a/internal/entity/models/types.go b/internal/entity/models/types.go
index 60f293222f..086a08b2d8 100644
--- a/internal/entity/models/types.go
+++ b/internal/entity/models/types.go
@@ -130,9 +130,15 @@ type TaskResponse struct {
 	Segments []TaskSegment `json:"segments"`
 }
 
+type ModelListItem struct {
+	ID      string `json:"id"`
+	Object  string `json:"object"`
+	OwnedBy string `json:"owned_by"`
+}
+
 type ModelList struct {
-	Object string    `json:"object"`
-	Models []DSModel `json:"data"`
+	Object string          `json:"object"`
+	Models []ModelListItem `json:"data"`
 }
 
 // URLSuffix represents the URL suffixes for different API endpoints
diff --git a/internal/entity/models/xinference.go b/internal/entity/models/xinference.go
index 8aa492b5da..79c256669b 100644
--- a/internal/entity/models/xinference.go
+++ b/internal/entity/models/xinference.go
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ type xinferenceChatResponse struct {
 }
 
 type xinferenceModelListResponse struct {
-	Data []DSModel `json:"data"`
+	Data []ModelListItem `json:"data"`
 }
 
 // NewXinferenceModel creates a new Xinference model instance.