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vercel__workflow/.changeset/perf-memoize-step-hydration.md
Pranay Prakash 66ca0dcc09 perf(core): memoize step return value hydration across inline replays (#2472)
* perf(core): memoize step return value hydration across replays

The inline replay loop re-executes the workflow body and re-consumes the
full event log on every iteration. For each already-completed step, the
step consumer re-decrypted and re-devalue-parsed the serialized result on
every replay — O(N^2) decrypt+parse operations across a single
invocation of a sequential N-step workflow.

Add a per-run memoization cache, owned by the inline loop in runtime.ts
(alongside cachedEvents) so it survives across replay iterations of the
same run but never leaks across runs. It is threaded into runWorkflow and
stored on the orchestrator context, and consulted in the step_completed
path keyed by the persisted event id. This makes a completed step's
hydrated result O(1) on subsequent replays, turning the aggregate cost
into O(N).

Determinism is preserved: the cache lookup happens inside the existing
ctx.promiseQueue slot and still resolves via the same resolve(), so a
cache hit occupies the identical position in the ordered delivery chain a
re-hydrate would have — pendingDeliveries accounting, delivery barriers,
and Promise.race/all replay are untouched.

Identity safety: hydrateStepReturnValue returns a fresh object graph each
call and each replay runs in a fresh VM, so sharing an object reference
across replays could let one replay's mutation leak into the next. Only
primitive results are memoized (immutable, reference-share == re-parse);
non-primitives re-hydrate fresh every replay, exactly as before. Hook,
wait, and abort hydration paths are intentionally left uncached.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* perf(core): bound memoized step-hydration cache by primitive size

Address the review note that the per-run step hydration cache was never
size-bounded: cached entries hold the decrypted/parsed plaintext of a
primitive step result for the whole invocation, on top of the serialized
bytes already retained in cachedEvents, so a long run returning large
strings could roughly double peak retained memory for those results.

Document the cache's memory characteristic (per-invocation, freed when the
invocation ends, bounded by primitive-returning step count) and cap the
only primitive types that can carry a large payload: string/bigint results
longer than MAX_MEMOIZED_PRIMITIVE_LENGTH (4 KiB) fall through to the
existing per-replay re-hydrate path instead of being memoized. Large
payloads are cheap to re-hydrate relative to their footprint, so this caps
the worst case at negligible cost. Other primitives are inherently small
and always memoized.

The cap only ever reduces what is cached, so deterministic replay is
unaffected: oversized values take the already-correct re-hydrate path.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-06-22 13:30:09 -07:00

297 B

@workflow/core, workflow
@workflow/core workflow
patch patch

Memoize hydrated step return values across inline replay iterations, turning the per-invocation step-result decrypt+parse cost from O(N²) to O(N) for sequential workflows. Only primitive results are cached, so deterministic replay is preserved.