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+# ACM Paper Formatting Specifications
+
+Complete formatting guide based on ACM conference/journal paper template.
+
+## Page Setup
+
+### Page Size and Orientation
+- **Size**: US Letter (8.5" × 11") or A4 (210mm × 297mm)
+- **Orientation**: Portrait
+
+### Margins
+- **Top**: 1 inch (25.4mm)
+- **Bottom**: 1 inch (25.4mm)
+- **Left**: 0.75 inch (19.05mm)
+- **Right**: 0.75 inch (19.05mm)
+
+### Column Layout
+- **Abstract**: Single column
+- **Body**: Two columns
+- **Column separation**: 0.33 inches (8.38mm)
+
+## Typography
+
+### Font Family
+- **Primary**: Libertine (Linux Libertine)
+- **Monospace**: Inconsolata or Courier
+- **Fallback**: Times New Roman acceptable
+
+### Font Sizes and Styles
+
+**Title:**
+- Size: 17pt
+- Weight: Bold
+- Alignment: Left
+- Spacing: 12pt after
+
+**Subtitle (if any):**
+- Size: 14pt
+- Weight: Regular
+- Alignment: Left
+
+**Author Names:**
+- Size: 12pt
+- Weight: Regular
+- Alignment: Left
+- Format: One author per line or comma-separated
+
+**Author Affiliations:**
+- Size: 10pt
+- Weight: Regular
+- Alignment: Left
+- Format: Institution, City, Country
+- Email: 10pt, monospace font
+
+**Abstract:**
+- Single column
+- Size: 10pt
+- Weight: Regular
+- Alignment: Justified
+- Heading: "ABSTRACT" in bold, small caps
+
+**CCS Concepts:**
+- Section after abstract
+- Format: Bulleted list with concept hierarchy
+- Size: 9pt
+
+**Keywords:**
+- After CCS Concepts
+- Format: Comma-separated list
+- Size: 9pt
+
+**Section Headings (Level 1):**
+- Size: 11pt
+- Weight: Bold
+- Case: Title Case
+- Alignment: Left
+- Numbering: 1, 2, 3...
+- Spacing: 12pt before, 6pt after
+
+**Subsection Headings (Level 2):**
+- Size: 10pt
+- Weight: Bold
+- Case: Title Case
+- Alignment: Left
+- Numbering: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3...
+- Spacing: 9pt before, 3pt after
+
+**Sub-subsection Headings (Level 3):**
+- Size: 10pt
+- Weight: Italic
+- Case: Title Case
+- Alignment: Left
+- Numbering: 1.1.1, 1.1.2...
+- Spacing: 6pt before, 3pt after
+
+**Body Text:**
+- Size: 10pt
+- Weight: Regular
+- Alignment: Justified
+- Line spacing: Single (1.0)
+- Paragraph spacing: 6pt after
+- First paragraph after heading: No indent
+- Subsequent paragraphs: 0.5 inch indent OR no indent with spacing
+
+**Figure Captions:**
+- Size: 9pt
+- Weight: Regular
+- Format: "Figure X:" in bold, followed by caption
+- Alignment: Left (below figure)
+- Spacing: 6pt above caption
+
+**Table Captions:**
+- Size: 9pt
+- Weight: Regular
+- Format: "Table X:" in bold, followed by caption
+- Alignment: Left (above table)
+- Spacing: 6pt below caption
+
+**Footnotes:**
+- Size: 8pt
+- Weight: Regular
+- Numbering: Superscript numbers
+- Placement: Bottom of column with separator line
+
+**References:**
+- Size: 9pt
+- Weight: Regular
+- Alignment: Left
+- Numbering: [1], [2], [3]...
+- Indentation: Hanging indent
+- Spacing: 2pt between references
+
+## Document Structure
+
+### Title and Metadata (Single Column)
+1. Title
+2. Subtitle (optional)
+3. Authors and affiliations
+4. Abstract
+5. CCS Concepts
+6. Keywords
+7. ACM Reference Format
+
+### Body (Two Columns)
+8. Main content sections
+9. Acknowledgments
+10. References
+
+## Special Sections
+
+### Abstract
+Format:
+```
+ABSTRACT
+Context-aware systems have become increasingly important...
+```
+
+- Heading in bold, small caps
+- 150-250 words
+- Single paragraph
+- No citations
+
+### CCS Concepts
+Required section listing ACM Computing Classification concepts.
+
+Format:
+```
+CCS CONCEPTS
+• Human-centered computing → Ubiquitous and mobile computing;
+• Software and its engineering → Context specific languages.
+```
+
+- Use official ACM CCS taxonomy
+- Organized hierarchically with bullet points
+- 3-6 concepts typical
+
+### Keywords
+Format:
+```
+KEYWORDS
+context-awareness, ubiquitous computing, adaptation, personalization
+```
+
+- 4-8 keywords
+- Comma-separated
+- Lowercase (except proper nouns)
+
+### ACM Reference Format
+Appears at end of first page or after keywords:
+
+Format:
+```
+ACM Reference Format:
+John Smith and Jane Doe. 2025. Title of Paper. In Proceedings of
+Conference Name (CONF '25), Month Day-Day, Year, City, Country.
+ACM, New York, NY, USA, XX pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/XXXXXX.XXXXXX
+```
+
+## Numbering Conventions
+
+### Sections
+```
+1 INTRODUCTION
+2 RELATED WORK
+  2.1 Context Modeling
+  2.2 Adaptation Techniques
+3 PROPOSED APPROACH
+  3.1 Architecture Overview
+    3.1.1 Context Acquisition Module
+```
+
+### Figures and Tables
+- **Figures**: Numbered sequentially (Figure 1, Figure 2...)
+- **Tables**: Numbered sequentially (Table 1, Table 2...)
+- **Equations**: Numbered on right margin (1), (2), (3)...
+
+## Special Elements
+
+### Equations
+- **Display equations**: Centered on separate line
+- **Numbering**: Right-aligned equation number
+- **Spacing**: 6pt before and after
+
+Example:
+```
+                    E = mc²                    (1)
+```
+
+### Code Listings
+- **Font**: Inconsolata or Courier (monospace)
+- **Size**: 9pt
+- **Background**: Light gray background optional
+- **Line numbers**: Optional, on left margin
+- **Caption**: Same format as figures
+
+Example:
+```python
+def context_aware_function(context):
+    if context.location == "office":
+        return set_work_mode()
+    return set_personal_mode()
+```
+
+### Algorithms
+- Use algorithm environment
+- Line numbering on left
+- Keywords in bold
+- Comments in italic
+
+### Lists
+**Bulleted lists:**
+- Use standard bullet (•)
+- Indent 0.25 inches
+- Spacing: 3pt between items
+
+**Numbered lists:**
+- Use (1), (2), (3) or 1., 2., 3.
+- Indent 0.25 inches
+- Spacing: 3pt between items
+
+**Description lists:**
+- Term in bold, followed by description
+- Hanging indent for description
+
+## Figures and Tables
+
+### Figure Guidelines
+- **Position**: Top or bottom of column
+- **Width**: Single-column or double-column (spanning both)
+- **Quality**: Vector graphics preferred (PDF, EPS)
+- **Resolution**: Minimum 300 DPI for raster images
+- **Color**: Full color acceptable for online; consider grayscale printing
+- **Format**: PDF, PNG, JPG, EPS
+
+### Figure Captions
+Format:
+```
+Figure 1: System architecture showing the main components
+including context acquisition, reasoning, and adaptation modules.
+```
+
+- "Figure X:" in bold
+- Caption text follows
+- Place below figure
+- Can span multiple lines
+- Left-aligned
+
+### Table Guidelines
+- **Border**: Minimal lines (top, bottom, below header)
+- **Header**: Bold text
+- **Alignment**: Numbers right-aligned, text left-aligned
+- **Font**: Same as body or one size smaller
+- **Shading**: Light gray for header row optional
+
+### Table Captions
+Format:
+```
+Table 1: Performance comparison across three datasets
+```
+
+- "Table X:" in bold
+- Caption text follows
+- Place above table
+- Left-aligned
+
+Example table:
+```
+Table 1: Accuracy Results
+
+Dataset     Baseline    Proposed
+────────────────────────────────
+Dataset A      87.3%      94.2%
+Dataset B      89.1%      95.7%
+Dataset C      85.7%      93.4%
+────────────────────────────────
+```
+
+## Citations and References
+
+### In-Text Citations
+ACM uses numbered citations in square brackets:
+
+Examples:
+- "Recent work has shown [1]..."
+- "Several studies [2, 3, 4] demonstrate..."
+- "As Smith et al. [5] noted..."
+
+### Reference List Format
+
+**Section title**: "REFERENCES" (all caps, bold)
+
+**Journal article:**
+```
+[1] Author1 Name, Author2 Name, and Author3 Name. Year.
+    Title of article. Journal Name Volume, Issue (Month Year),
+    pages. DOI:10.1145/XXXXXXX
+```
+
+**Conference paper:**
+```
+[2] Author1 Name and Author2 Name. Year. Title of paper.
+    In Proceedings of Conference Name (CONF 'YY), Month,
+    City, Country. ACM, New York, NY, USA, pages.
+    DOI:10.1145/XXXXXXX
+```
+
+**Book:**
+```
+[3] Author Name. Year. Book Title. Publisher, City, Country.
+```
+
+**Book chapter:**
+```
+[4] Author Name. Year. Chapter Title. In Book Title,
+    Editor Name (Ed.). Publisher, City, Country, pages.
+```
+
+**Website/Online:**
+```
+[5] Author Name. Year. Page Title. Website Name.
+    Retrieved Month Day, Year from URL
+```
+
+**Technical report:**
+```
+[6] Author Name. Year. Report Title. Technical Report Number.
+    Institution, City, Country.
+```
+
+**Rules:**
+- Full first and last names (not initials)
+- Year after authors
+- DOI required when available
+- URLs should be hyperlinked
+- Alphabetical by first author's last name
+- Hanging indent format
+
+## Additional Front Matter Elements
+
+### Copyright Notice
+Appears at bottom of first column on page 1:
+
+Format depends on publication rights:
+```
+Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work...
+© 2025 Association for Computing Machinery.
+ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-XXXX-X/YY/MM...$15.00
+https://doi.org/10.1145/XXXXXX.XXXXXX
+```
+
+(Usually auto-generated by ACM template)
+
+### Conference Information
+Top of first page:
+```
+CONF '25, Month Day-Day, Year, City, Country
+© 2025 Copyright held by owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.
+```
+
+## Acknowledgments
+
+- Separate section before references
+- **Heading**: "ACKNOWLEDGMENTS" (not "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS")
+- No section number
+- Thank funding sources, contributors, reviewers
+- Brief (1-2 paragraphs)
+
+Example:
+```
+ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
+This work was supported by NSF Grant No. XXXXXXX. We thank
+the anonymous reviewers for their valuable feedback.
+```
+
+## Author Information
+
+### Multiple Authors
+Format options:
+
+**Option 1: List format**
+```
+Author One
+Institution
+email@domain.com
+
+Author Two
+Institution
+email@domain.com
+```
+
+**Option 2: Inline format**
+```
+Author One (email@domain.com), Institution;
+Author Two (email@domain.com), Institution
+```
+
+### Author Footnotes
+- Use superscript symbols (*, †, ‡)
+- Explain equal contribution, corresponding author, etc.
+
+## Special Content Types
+
+### Sidebars and Boxes
+- Light background color
+- Border around content
+- Used for examples, definitions, or supplementary material
+- Same font size as body
+
+### Theorems and Proofs
+- **Theorem**: Bold heading, italic content
+- **Proof**: Italic heading, regular content
+- End proof with □ symbol
+
+### Definitions
+- **Format**: Bold term followed by definition
+- Numbered if multiple definitions
+
+## Color and Graphics
+
+### Color Usage
+- Full color accepted for digital publications
+- Consider colorblind-friendly palettes
+- Ensure legibility in grayscale for printing
+- Use patterns/textures in addition to color
+
+### Image Requirements
+- **Resolution**: 300 DPI minimum
+- **Format**: PDF, PNG (for screenshots), JPG
+- **Vector preferred**: For diagrams, charts, graphs
+- **File size**: Keep reasonable (< 5 MB per image)
+
+## Two-Column Formatting Rules
+
+### Column Breaks
+- Columns should be approximately equal height
+- Balance columns on final page
+- Keep related content together (avoid splitting paragraphs)
+
+### Spanning Columns
+- Figures and tables can span both columns
+- Use when content is too wide for single column
+- Place at top or bottom of page
+
+### Widows and Orphans
+- Avoid single lines at top/bottom of columns
+- Keep at least 2 lines of paragraph together
+
+## File Preparation
+
+### LaTeX
+Use ACM Master Article Template:
+```latex
+\documentclass[sigconf]{acmart}
+```
+
+Common document classes:
+- `sigconf`: Conference proceedings
+- `sigplan`: SIGPLAN proceedings
+- `acmsmall`: Small journal format
+- `acmlarge`: Large journal format
+
+### Microsoft Word
+- Use official ACM Word template
+- Available from ACM website
+- Includes styles for all elements
+
+### PDF Requirements
+- **PDF/A compliant** preferred
+- **Fonts embedded**: All fonts must be embedded
+- **Hyperlinks**: Active and colored blue
+- **Bookmarks**: Section headings as bookmarks
+- **Metadata**: Include title, authors, keywords
+
+## Common Mistakes to Avoid
+
+1. **Missing required sections**: CCS Concepts, Keywords, ACM Reference Format
+2. **Wrong font**: Using Times instead of Libertine
+3. **Incorrect citation format**: Not following ACM style exactly
+4. **Missing DOIs**: References should include DOIs when available
+5. **Copyright notice**: Modifying or removing copyright block
+6. **Column imbalance**: Large white space in columns
+7. **Figure quality**: Low resolution or pixelated images
+8. **Heading capitalization**: Using all caps instead of title case
+9. **Author format**: Not following ACM author format
+10. **Reference format**: Using abbreviated names instead of full names
+
+## Checklist for Final Submission
+
+- [ ] Correct document class for publication type
+- [ ] Title and subtitle properly formatted
+- [ ] All authors and affiliations included
+- [ ] Abstract 150-250 words
+- [ ] CCS Concepts section included with appropriate concepts
+- [ ] Keywords section included (4-8 keywords)
+- [ ] ACM Reference Format section included
+- [ ] Two-column layout for body (single column for abstract)
+- [ ] All section headings numbered and formatted correctly
+- [ ] All figures have captions below
+- [ ] All tables have captions above
+- [ ] All figures and tables referenced in text
+- [ ] All references follow ACM format
+- [ ] Full author names in references (not initials)
+- [ ] DOIs included for all references when available
+- [ ] Acknowledgments section (if applicable)
+- [ ] All fonts embedded in PDF
+- [ ] Copyright notice included (if required)
+- [ ] PDF hyperlinks working
+- [ ] File size acceptable (< 25 MB typically)
+- [ ] Spell-check completed
+- [ ] Consistent terminology throughout
+
+## Template Variations
+
+### Conference Proceedings
+- `\documentclass[sigconf]{acmart}`
+- Two-column format
+- Copyright block required
+- Page limit enforced
+
+### Journal Articles
+- `\documentclass[acmsmall]{acmart}` or `acmlarge`
+- More flexible length
+- Different heading styles
+- May include received/revised dates
+
+### Extended Abstracts
+- Shorter format (2-4 pages)
+- May omit some sections
+- Abbreviated evaluation
+
+## ACM-Specific Style Conventions
+
+### Terminology
+- "Section" not "chapter"
+- "Figure" not "Fig." in running text (though "Fig." in captions okay)
+- Use em-dash (—) not double hyphen (--)
+- Use proper quotation marks (" ") not straight quotes (")
+
+### Capitalization
+- Section titles: Title Case
+- Figure/Table captions: Sentence case after "Figure X:" or "Table X:"
+- CCS concepts: Follow official taxonomy capitalization
+
+### Spacing
+- One space after periods
+- No space before punctuation
+- Space after commas, colons, semicolons
+
+## Additional Resources
+
+- ACM Author Center: https://authors.acm.org/
+- ACM Templates: https://www.acm.org/publications/proceedings-template
+- ACM CCS Generator: https://dl.acm.org/ccs
+- ACM Reference Format Guide: https://www.acm.org/publications/authors/reference-formatting
+- LaTeX Template Documentation: https://www.ctan.org/pkg/acmart