vectorize-io__hindsight/hindsight-docs/docs/developer/models.mdx

import {LLMProvidersGrid} from '@site/src/components/SupportedGrids';
import {LLMProvidersTable} from '@site/src/components/LLMProvidersTable';
import {LLMProviderCapabilities} from '@site/src/components/LLMProviderCapabilities';

# Models

Hindsight uses several machine learning models for different tasks.

## Overview

- **LLM** — Fact extraction, reasoning, and generation. Provider-specific, fully configurable.
- **Embedding** — Vector representations for semantic search. Default: `BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5`.
- **Cross-Encoder** — Reranking search results. Default: `cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2`.

Embedding and cross-encoder models are downloaded automatically from HuggingFace on first run.

---

## LLM

Used for fact extraction, entity resolution, mental model consolidation, and answer synthesis.

**Supported providers:**

<LLMProvidersGrid />

Also supports **any OpenAI-compatible API** (e.g., Azure OpenAI, Together AI, Fireworks) and **100+ providers via LiteLLM** (e.g., AWS Bedrock, Azure OpenAI, Together AI).

:::tip OpenAI-Compatible Providers
Hindsight works with any provider that exposes an OpenAI-compatible API. Set `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=openai` and point `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_BASE_URL` at the endpoint that serves `/chat/completions` — for most providers that is the URL ending in `/v1`, **not** the account or resource root.

**Azure OpenAI does not serve the API at the resource root**, so `https://<resource>.openai.azure.com` on its own returns `404 Resource not found`. See [Azure OpenAI Setup](#azure-openai-setup) for the two URL shapes that work.

The `openai` provider talks to the **Chat Completions API** (`/v1/chat/completions`). For the newer **Responses API** (`/v1/responses`), use `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=openai-responses` — see the tip below. Both accept a custom `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_BASE_URL`, so an OpenAI-compatible endpoint that exposes `/v1/responses` works the same way as a Chat Completions one.

See [Configuration](./configuration#llm-provider) for setup examples.
:::

:::tip OpenAI Responses API (reasoning + tools together)
Set `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=openai-responses` to call OpenAI's **Responses API** (`/v1/responses`) instead of Chat Completions.

Why it exists: some reasoning models — e.g. `gpt-5.6-terra` — **reject `reasoning_effort` when function tools are present** on Chat Completions (HTTP 400 unless `reasoning_effort="none"`). Reflect is a tool-calling loop, so on the `openai` (Completions) provider that forces the whole operation — including the final synthesis — to run with reasoning disabled. The Responses API keeps the model's chain-of-thought as a first-class reasoning item, so **reasoning and tools coexist**: reflect's search loop runs with a real `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_REASONING_EFFORT` (e.g. `high`).

Recommended for reasoning models (gpt-5.x, o-series) that use tools. It also honors a custom `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_BASE_URL`, so any OpenAI-compatible endpoint exposing `/v1/responses` (gateways, Azure-style deployments) can be used just like the Chat Completions path.

See [Configuration](./configuration#llm-provider) for setup examples.
:::

:::info Reasoning/thinking models and `max_tokens`
On a thinking model (Gemini 2.5+/3.x, GPT-5/o-series, Grok reasoning, Claude extended thinking) the provider's output budget covers **reasoning tokens plus visible output** — the reasoning is billed against the same `max_output_tokens`/`max_completion_tokens` cap. A small cap can therefore be fully consumed by reasoning, leaving the visible answer truncated mid-word.

Hindsight keeps the reflect/mental-model `max_tokens` meaning **visible page length**: it is applied as a prompt-level target plus a post-hoc rewrite, **not** as a hard cap on the provider call. Reflect's synthesis call is uncapped by default so reasoning never starves the answer. If you want a hard cost ceiling on that call, set `HINDSIGHT_API_REFLECT_MAX_COMPLETION_TOKENS` — but leave enough headroom above your page length for reasoning, or thinking models will truncate again.

When a Gemini call does hit its cap, Hindsight logs a `truncated at max_output_tokens` warning instead of returning the half-written text as a silent success.
:::

:::tip AWS Bedrock
Set `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=bedrock` to use AWS Bedrock models directly. Model names use Bedrock model IDs (e.g., `us.amazon.nova-2-lite-v1:0`). No API key is required — authentication uses AWS credentials (`AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID`, `AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY`, `AWS_REGION_NAME`) or IAM roles. For 50% cost savings on throughput, set `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_BEDROCK_SERVICE_TIER=flex` (see [Configuration](./configuration#llm-provider)).

See [Configuration](./configuration#llm-provider) for setup examples.
:::

:::tip Built-in llama.cpp (fully local, no API key)
Set `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=llamacpp` to run a built-in llama.cpp server with no external dependencies. A Gemma 4 E2B GGUF model (~3.5 GB) is auto-downloaded on first run. Requires the `local-llm` extra: `pip install 'hindsight-api-slim[local-llm]'`.

The published Docker image does not bundle `llama-cpp-python` (to keep the image small). For a runnable Docker setup that adds it on top, see [`docker/docker-compose/local-llm/`](https://github.com/vectorize-io/hindsight/tree/main/docker/docker-compose/local-llm).

See [Configuration](./configuration#built-in-llamacpp) for all options.
:::

:::tip LiteLLM Provider (Azure, Together AI, and more)
Set `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=litellm` to use any model supported by [LiteLLM](https://docs.litellm.ai/docs/providers), including **Azure OpenAI**, **Together AI**, **Fireworks AI**, and many more. Model names use LiteLLM's provider prefix format (e.g., `azure/gpt-4o`).

See [Configuration](./configuration#llm-provider) for setup examples.
:::

:::tip LiteLLM Router (fallback chains, load-balancing, per-deployment limits)
Set `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=litellmrouter` to run the default LLM through [LiteLLM's Router](https://docs.litellm.ai/docs/routing) — ordered fallback across deployments, load-balanced same-tier routing, weighted picks, per-deployment `rpm`/`tpm` limits, and cooldowns are all available via the [`Router` config](https://docs.litellm.ai/docs/routing#fallbacks). Hindsight passes the JSON config through verbatim.

See [Configuration](./configuration#llm-router-litellm-router) for setup.
:::

### Provider Capabilities

Beyond basic generation, some providers support optional features that lower cost or latency. Hindsight uses each feature automatically when the configured provider supports it.

<LLMProviderCapabilities />

- **Batch API** — submits bulk retain extraction through the provider's asynchronous batch endpoint, typically at ~50% lower cost. Used automatically when available; otherwise calls run synchronously.
- **Explicit prompt caching** — reuses the large, fixed system prefix that retain (fact extraction), consolidation, and the reflect tool-loop send on every call, billing it at the provider's cached-input rate. On Gemini/Vertex this uses the `CachedContent` API. **On by default**; disable with `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROMPT_CACHE_ENABLED=false`. Hindsight structures these prompts so the cached prefix is **bank-agnostic** — one cache is shared across all banks rather than one per bank/mission, and creation soft-fails to an uncached call, so it never breaks a request.

:::note
A blank "Explicit prompt caching" cell does not mean a provider has no caching. OpenAI, for example, caches a stable leading prompt prefix **automatically** server-side, so it benefits with no configuration; Anthropic supports caching via `cache_control` breakpoints which can be wired up through the same provider hook. The column tracks only Hindsight's explicit `get_or_create_cached_prefix` hook, which Gemini/Vertex implement today.
:::

### Benchmarks

Not sure which model to use? The **[Model Leaderboard](https://benchmarks.hindsight.vectorize.io/)** benchmarks models across accuracy, speed, cost, and reliability for retain, reflect, and observation consolidation so you can pick the right trade-off for your use case.

[![Model Leaderboard](/img/leaderboard.png)](https://benchmarks.hindsight.vectorize.io/)

### Tested Models

The following models have been tested and verified to work correctly with Hindsight:

| Provider | Model |
|----------|-------|
| **OpenAI** | `gpt-5.2` |
| **OpenAI** | `gpt-5` |
| **OpenAI** | `gpt-5-mini` |
| **OpenAI** | `gpt-5-nano` |
| **OpenAI** | `gpt-4.1-mini` |
| **OpenAI** | `gpt-4.1-nano` |
| **OpenAI** | `gpt-4o-mini` |
| **Anthropic** | `claude-sonnet-4-20250514` |
| **Anthropic** | `claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022` |
| **Gemini** | `gemini-3.5-flash` |
| **Gemini** | `gemini-3.1-pro-preview` |
| **Gemini** | `gemini-3.1-flash-lite` |
| **Groq** | `openai/gpt-oss-120b` |
| **Groq** | `openai/gpt-oss-20b` |
| **Meta** | `muse-spark-1.3` |

### Provider Default Models

Each provider has a recommended default model that's used when `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL` is not explicitly set. This makes configuration simpler - just specify the provider and get a sensible default:

<LLMProvidersTable />

**Example:** Setting just the provider uses its default model:
```bash
# Uses claude-haiku-4-5 automatically
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=anthropic
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_API_KEY=sk-ant-xxxxxxxxxxxx
```

You can override the default by explicitly setting `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL`:
```bash
# Override to use Sonnet instead
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=anthropic
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_API_KEY=sk-ant-xxxxxxxxxxxx
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929
```

This also applies to per-operation overrides:
```bash
# Global: OpenAI gpt-4o-mini (default)
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=openai

# Retain: Anthropic claude-haiku-4-5 (default)
export HINDSIGHT_API_RETAIN_LLM_PROVIDER=anthropic
```

### Using Other Models

Other LLM models not listed above may work with Hindsight, but they must support **at least 65,000 output tokens** to ensure reliable fact extraction. If you need support for a specific model that doesn't meet this requirement, please [open an issue](https://github.com/hindsight-ai/hindsight/issues) to request an exception.

:::tip Models with Limited Output Tokens
If your model only supports 32k or fewer output tokens (e.g., some older models), you can reduce the retain completion token limit:

```bash
# For models that support 32k output tokens
export HINDSIGHT_API_RETAIN_MAX_COMPLETION_TOKENS=32000

# For models that support 16k output tokens
export HINDSIGHT_API_RETAIN_MAX_COMPLETION_TOKENS=16000
```

**Important:** `HINDSIGHT_API_RETAIN_MAX_COMPLETION_TOKENS` must be greater than `HINDSIGHT_API_RETAIN_CHUNK_SIZE` (default: 3000). The system will validate this on startup and provide an error message if the configuration is invalid.
:::

:::warning Groq free tier is not suitable for Hindsight
Groq's free tier only allows 8,000 tokens per minute — far below what Hindsight needs for a single retain call (~64k). Free-tier Groq models therefore can't be used with Hindsight; use a paid Groq tier or a different provider.
:::

### Configuration

```bash
# Groq (recommended)
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=groq
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_API_KEY=gsk_xxxxxxxxxxxx
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=openai/gpt-oss-20b

# OpenAI (Chat Completions API, /v1/chat/completions)
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=openai
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxxxxx
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=gpt-4o

# OpenAI Responses API (/v1/responses) — reasoning + tools together
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=openai-responses
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxxxxx
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=gpt-5.6           # reasoning model; e.g. gpt-5.6-terra
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_REASONING_EFFORT=high   # sent alongside tools, unlike Completions
# Optional: point at any OpenAI-compatible endpoint exposing /v1/responses
# export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_BASE_URL=https://your-gateway.example.com/v1

# Gemini
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=gemini
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_API_KEY=xxxxxxxxxxxx
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=gemini-3.5-flash

# Anthropic
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=anthropic
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_API_KEY=sk-ant-xxxxxxxxxxxx
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=claude-sonnet-4-20250514

# Ollama (local)
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=ollama
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_BASE_URL=http://localhost:11434/v1
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=llama3

# Ollama Cloud (hosted Ollama endpoint, requires API key)
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=ollama-cloud
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_API_KEY=your-ollama-cloud-api-key
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=gemma3:12b

# LM Studio (local)
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=lmstudio
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_BASE_URL=http://localhost:1234/v1
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=your-local-model

# MiniMax (1M context window)
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=minimax
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_API_KEY=your-minimax-api-key
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=MiniMax-M3  # or MiniMax-M2.7 for the previous generation

# DeepSeek (https://api.deepseek.com)
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=deepseek
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxxxxx
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=deepseek-v4-flash  # or deepseek-v4-pro / deepseek-chat / deepseek-reasoner

# z.ai (Zhipu GLM series, OpenAI-compatible, https://z.ai)
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=zai
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_API_KEY=your-zai-api-key
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=glm-4.5-flash  # or glm-4.5-air for the paid tier

# opencode-go (OpenAI-compatible)
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=opencode-go
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_API_KEY=your-opencode-go-api-key
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=deepseek-v4-flash

# Atlas Cloud (OpenAI-compatible, https://www.atlascloud.ai)
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=atlas
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_API_KEY=your-atlascloud-api-key  # base_url defaults to https://api.atlascloud.ai/v1
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=deepseek-ai/deepseek-v4-pro  # reasoning model; also Qwen / GLM / Kimi / MiniMax, etc.

# Meta Model API (OpenAI-compatible, https://ai.developer.meta.com)
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=meta
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_API_KEY=your-meta-model-api-key  # base_url defaults to https://api.meta.ai/v1
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=muse-spark-1.3  # or muse-spark-1.2 / -contributor variants
# Muse Spark always reasons — raise the deadlines (see "Meta Model API Setup" below)
export HINDSIGHT_API_REFLECT_LLM_TIMEOUT=300
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_TIMEOUT=300

# Nous Portal (OpenAI-compatible; no API key — uses your `hermes portal` login)
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=nous
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash  # any Nous-hosted slug
# No API key needed — reads a rotating JWT from ~/.hermes/auth.json (see "Nous Portal Setup" below)

# SuperGrok subscription via device-code OAuth (no API key; the subscription lane, not
# xAI API support — for an api.x.ai API key use `openai` with a base URL instead)
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=xai-oauth
# export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=grok-4.5  # defaults to grok-4.5
# No API key needed — reads an OAuth grant from ~/.hindsight/xai_oauth.json (see "SuperGrok Subscription Setup" below)

# Vertex AI (Google Cloud)
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=vertexai
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=gemini-3.1-flash-lite
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_VERTEXAI_PROJECT_ID=your-gcp-project-id
# Optional: region (default: us-central1)
# export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_VERTEXAI_REGION=us-central1
# Optional: service account key (otherwise uses ADC)
# export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_VERTEXAI_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_KEY=/path/to/key.json
```

**Note:** The LLM is the primary bottleneck for retain operations. See [Performance](./performance) for optimization strategies.

---

### GitHub Copilot Setup

Use a GitHub Copilot subscription for Hindsight's extraction, consolidation, and reflection calls through the official GitHub Copilot SDK.

**Prerequisites:**
- An active GitHub Copilot entitlement
- Copilot CLI signed in under the same operating-system user that runs Hindsight

**Configure Hindsight:**

```bash
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=github-copilot
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=gpt-5.6-terra
# No HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_API_KEY is needed.
```

The provider starts one shared Copilot runtime for all Hindsight LLM lanes. That runtime uses a hook-free temporary `COPILOT_HOME` containing only the signed-in account selection; the credential itself is resolved by the runtime from the system keychain or an existing `gh` CLI login. Each call then uses an isolated transient session with repository instructions, skills, Copilot memory, built-in tools, and the cross-session store disabled. This prevents the memory integration from recursively retaining its own extraction calls.

For automation, the Copilot SDK also accepts `COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN`, `GH_TOKEN`, or `GITHUB_TOKEN`. With one of those set, Copilot CLI never has to have been run on the host, so containers and CI images work with no `~/.copilot` at all. GitHub Actions and server-to-server deployments must have the appropriate Copilot organization policy and token permissions.

**Important notes:**
- Usage counts against the authenticated account or organization's Copilot allowance and AI Credits.
- `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_BASE_URL` optionally points to an existing headless Copilot runtime, such as `http://127.0.0.1:4321`; it is not an LLM-provider endpoint for this provider.
- GitHub-hosted Copilot sessions do not expose temperature or maximum-output-token controls through the SDK, so those Hindsight settings are not applied.
- Embeddings and reranking continue to use Hindsight's separately configured providers; their local defaults require no API key.

---

### OpenAI Codex Setup (ChatGPT Plus/Pro)

Use your ChatGPT Plus or Pro subscription for Hindsight without separate OpenAI Platform API costs.

**Prerequisites:**
- Active ChatGPT Plus or Pro subscription
- Node.js/npm installed (for Codex CLI)

**Setup Steps:**

1. **Install Codex CLI:**
   ```bash
   npm install -g @openai/codex
   ```

2. **Login with ChatGPT credentials:**
   ```bash
   codex auth login
   ```
   This opens a browser window to authenticate with your ChatGPT account and saves OAuth tokens to `~/.codex/auth.json`.

3. **Verify authentication:**
   ```bash
   ls ~/.codex/auth.json  # Should show the auth file exists
   ```

4. **Configure Hindsight:**
   ```bash
   export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=openai-codex
   # export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=gpt-5.6-luna  # defaults to gpt-5.4-mini
   # No API key needed - reads from ~/.codex/auth.json automatically
   ```

5. **Start Hindsight:**
   ```bash
   hindsight-api
   ```

You can use any model supported by OpenAI Codex CLI

**Important Notes:**
- OAuth tokens are stored in `~/.codex/auth.json`
- Tokens refresh automatically when needed
- Usage is billed to your ChatGPT subscription (not separate API costs)
- For personal development use only (see ChatGPT Terms of Service)

#### Isolating Codex auth for long-running services

By default Hindsight reads Codex credentials from `~/.codex/auth.json` — the
same file the `@openai/codex` CLI, editor plugins, and other agent runtimes use.
This is convenient for local development but can cause a subtle failure mode when
Hindsight runs as a **long-lived service** (systemd unit, container, background
daemon) alongside another Codex process:

- Codex refresh tokens are single-use and rotate on refresh.
- If another process refreshes the shared token, Hindsight's long-running
  process is left holding a stale refresh token.
- Recall and `/health` keep working (the database and API are fine), but
  `/reflect` fails with an error such as:
  ```text
  Codex refresh_token is permanently invalid (error.code=refresh_token_reused).
  Run 'codex auth login' to re-authenticate.
  ```

To avoid this, give the Hindsight service its **own dedicated Codex auth home**
via the `CODEX_HOME` environment variable. Hindsight honors `CODEX_HOME` exactly
like the `@openai/codex` CLI: when set, it reads `$CODEX_HOME/auth.json` instead
of `~/.codex/auth.json`.

```bash
# Dedicated credentials directory for the Hindsight service
export CODEX_HOME=/var/lib/hindsight/codex

# One-time login into that isolated home (opens a browser / device-code flow)
codex auth login   # writes $CODEX_HOME/auth.json

export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=openai-codex
hindsight-api
```

For a systemd unit, set it in the service definition so it never shares auth
with an interactive Codex session:

```ini
[Service]
Environment=CODEX_HOME=/var/lib/hindsight/codex
```

After a fresh login into the dedicated home and restarting only the Hindsight
service, `/reflect` uses its own token that other Codex processes will not
rotate out from under it.

`CODEX_HOME` is also honored by the `openai-codex` embeddings provider.

#### Two Codex profiles in one process

`CODEX_HOME` is process-wide, so every Codex provider a Hindsight process builds
resolves the same `auth.json`. To run more than one independently authorized
ChatGPT account — for example, to fail over when the preferred account hits its
usage limit — give each one its own credentials directory with
`HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_CODEX_HOME` (primary) and `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_<n>_CODEX_HOME`
(indexed [multi-LLM chain](/docs/developer/configuration#multi-llm-strategies-failover--round-robin)
members). Each falls back to `CODEX_HOME`, then `~/.codex`, when unset.

```bash
# Two profiles, logged in separately
CODEX_HOME=/var/lib/hindsight/codex-a codex auth login
CODEX_HOME=/var/lib/hindsight/codex-b codex auth login

export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=openai-codex
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_CODEX_HOME=/var/lib/hindsight/codex-a
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_1_PROVIDER=openai-codex
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_1_CODEX_HOME=/var/lib/hindsight/codex-b
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_STRATEGY='{"mode": "failover"}'
```

Token refresh is coordinated per auth-file path, so the two profiles refresh
independently and never overwrite each other's tokens. Failover is the generic
multi-LLM behaviour: a member is tried after the previous one has exhausted its
own retries and raised — there is no separate quota classifier or cooldown, so a
rate-limited primary is re-tried (and fails) at the head of each request before
the fallback serves it.

---

### Meta Model API Setup

[Meta Model API](https://ai.developer.meta.com) serves the Muse Spark models over an
OpenAI-compatible endpoint. Get a key from the Model API dashboard, then:

```bash
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=meta
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_API_KEY=your-meta-model-api-key
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=muse-spark-1.3
```

The base URL defaults to `https://api.meta.ai/v1`. Available models are
`muse-spark-1.3` (recommended), `muse-spark-1.2`, `muse-spark-1.1`, and the
discounted `-contributor` variants of 1.3 and 1.2, which permit training on your
prompts and completions. All share a 1,048,576-token context window.

#### Required knobs

Muse Spark **always reasons** before it replies. That single property drives every
setting below, so treat these as required rather than optional tuning:

| Variable | Set it to | Why |
|----------|-----------|-----|
| `HINDSIGHT_API_REFLECT_LLM_TIMEOUT` | `300` | Reflect's default is 30s. Muse Spark's final synthesis exceeds that, and the call fails after its retries rather than degrading — reflect returns nothing. |
| `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_TIMEOUT` | `300` | The global deadline (default 120s) covers retain and consolidation, which are slower here than on a non-reasoning model. |
| `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_REASONING_EFFORT` | unset, or `minimal`/`low`/`medium`/`high`/`xhigh` | `none` is rejected with `HTTP 400`. Leave it unset to let the model choose its own depth. |
| `HINDSIGHT_API_RETAIN_MAX_COMPLETION_TOKENS` | leave at the `64000` default | Reasoning tokens are billed against the **output** budget. Lower this too far and a reply comes back with no content at all. |

#### Good to know

- **Prompt caching is automatic.** There is no key, flag, or breakpoint to set — Meta
  reuses a matching prompt prefix on its own, so the capability table below lists no
  explicit prompt-caching support even though the benefit applies.
- **No batch API and no embeddings endpoint.** Embeddings continue to come from
  whichever `HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_PROVIDER` you configure.
- **Recursive JSON schemas are rejected** with `HTTP 400`. No Hindsight code path
  sends one, so this only matters if you add a self-referencing response model.
- **Expect slower calls.** A trivial prompt can spend more tokens reasoning than it
  returns as output.

---

### Nous Portal Setup (Hermes)

Use your [Nous Portal](https://portal.nousresearch.com) subscription for Hindsight via the Hermes CLI login — no static API key required.

**Prerequisites:**
- A Nous Portal account
- The [Hermes](https://hermes-agent.nousresearch.com) CLI installed

**Setup Steps:**

1. **Log in to Nous Portal:**
   ```bash
   hermes portal
   ```
   This opens a browser to authenticate with Nous Portal and saves OAuth credentials to `~/.hermes/auth.json`.

2. **Verify authentication:**
   ```bash
   hermes portal status  # should show "Auth: ✓ logged in"
   ```

3. **Configure Hindsight:**
   ```bash
   export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=nous
   # export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash  # defaults to deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash
   # No API key needed — reads from ~/.hermes/auth.json automatically
   ```

4. **Start Hindsight:**
   ```bash
   hindsight-api
   ```

You can use any model hosted on the Nous Portal inference API.

**Important Notes:**
- Credentials are read from `~/.hermes/auth.json` (the same store the Hermes agent uses) — no static API key in Hindsight's config.
- The short-lived inference JWT is refreshed automatically, before expiry and reactively on a 401.
- Refreshes coordinate with a running Hermes agent through the shared auth store, so the two never disrupt each other's session.
- Default base URL: `https://inference-api.nousresearch.com/v1` (override with `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_BASE_URL`).

---

### Claude Code Setup (Claude Pro/Max)

Use your Claude Pro or Max subscription for Hindsight without separate Anthropic API costs.


:::warning Terms of Service Notice

This integration uses the Claude Agent SDK with your personal Claude Pro/Max subscription
credentials. You must be logged into Claude Code on your own machine before using this provider.

**Please be aware:**

- Anthropic's [Agent SDK documentation](https://docs.claude.com/en/api/agent-sdk/overview)
  states that third-party developers should not offer claude.ai login or rate limits for
  their products. Hindsight does **not** perform any login on your behalf — it uses
  credentials you've already authenticated via `claude auth login`.
- In January 2026, Anthropic [enforced restrictions](https://paddo.dev/blog/anthropic-walled-garden-crackdown/)
  against third-party tools using Claude subscription OAuth tokens. Those restrictions
  targeted tools that **spoofed the Claude Code client identity** — Hindsight uses the
  official Claude Agent SDK instead.
- This provider is intended for **local, personal development use only**. Do not use it
  in production deployments or shared environments.
- Anthropic's terms may change. If you want guaranteed compliance, use the `anthropic`
  provider with an API key instead.
- Usage counts against your Claude Pro/Max subscription limits.

For production or team use, we recommend using `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=anthropic` with
an API key from the [Anthropic Console](https://console.anthropic.com/).

:::


**Prerequisites:**
- Active Claude Pro or Max subscription
- Claude Code CLI installed

**Setup Steps:**

1. **Install Claude Code CLI:**
   ```bash
   npm install -g @anthropics/claude-code
   # Or via Homebrew
   brew install anthropics/claude-code/claude-code
   ```

2. **Login with Claude credentials:**
   ```bash
   claude auth login
   ```
   This opens a browser window to authenticate with your Claude account. Authentication is automatically managed by the Claude Agent SDK.

3. **Verify authentication:**
   ```bash
   claude --version
   # Should show version without errors
   ```

4. **Configure Hindsight:**
   ```bash
   export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=claude-code
   # No API key needed - uses claude auth login credentials
   ```

5. **Start Hindsight:**
   ```bash
   hindsight-api
   ```

You can use any model supported by Claude Code CLI.

**Important Notes:**
- Authentication handled by Claude Agent SDK (uses bundled CLI)
- Credentials managed securely by Claude Code
- Usage billed to your Claude subscription (not separate API costs)
- For personal development use only (see Claude Terms of Service)


---

### SuperGrok Subscription Setup (device-code OAuth)

Serve LLM calls from a **SuperGrok subscription** (device-code OAuth) — no API
key. For API-key access to `api.x.ai`, use `provider: openai` with
`HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_BASE_URL=https://api.x.ai/v1`; **this provider is the
subscription lane**, the same category as `openai-codex` (ChatGPT subscription)
and `claude-code` (Claude subscription). Both routes reach the same published
endpoint, so the credential is the whole difference: a flat-rate consumer
subscription authorized once in a browser, instead of a per-token metered key.

Authentication is xAI's own OIDC issuer at `https://auth.x.ai` using the RFC
8628 device-code flow, with the public OAuth client id published in xAI's
Apache-2.0 Grok CLI sources. Hindsight keeps its own credential file and never
reads or writes the Grok CLI's `~/.grok/auth.json`.

:::note Subscription entitlement

xAI may restrict `api.x.ai` access by SuperGrok subscription tier: an OAuth
grant can be valid and still be refused with HTTP 403. Hindsight reports that
as a distinct entitlement error naming the cause rather than as a credential
failure, and it neither re-tries nor discards the token. If you hit it, verify
the account tier or use an API-key provider instead.

Usage counts against your SuperGrok subscription limits. When the account's
spending limit stops a call, Hindsight raises a distinct quota error and leaves
the credential alone.

:::

**Prerequisites:**
- An active SuperGrok subscription
- A browser on the machine you run the login from (the device-code flow needs
  an interactive approval; the running service never performs one)

**Setup steps:**

1. **Log in once, on the host that will own the credential:**
   ```bash
   python -m hindsight_api.engine.providers.xai_oauth_auth login
   ```
   The command prints a verification URL and a user code, waits for approval,
   then writes `~/.hindsight/xai_oauth.json` with owner-only permissions.

2. **Configure Hindsight:**
   ```bash
   export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=xai-oauth
   # export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=grok-4.5   # defaults to grok-4.5
   # No API key needed
   ```

3. **Start Hindsight:**
   ```bash
   hindsight-api
   ```

**Important notes:**
- The access token is refreshed automatically: proactively 60 seconds before
  expiry (or before the configured request timeout, whichever is longer), and
  once reactively on an HTTP 401. Several configured lanes share one credential
  file safely — the refresh takes an advisory lock and re-reads the file under
  it, so siblings do not each refresh.
- A running service **never** starts the device-code flow. When only a login can
  restore service, calls fail with the exact command to run.
- Unlike reaching `api.x.ai` through `provider: openai`, this provider sends the
  member's configured `reasoning_effort`, so that setting takes effect here.
  The one value not forwarded is `none`: xAI rejects it outright (HTTP 400),
  so this lane expresses it the way the API expects — by omitting the field.
- Only non-streaming calls are implemented. Streaming responses omit
  `prompt_tokens_details`, so cached-token accounting would read low.

**Optional environment overrides:**

| Variable | Purpose | Default |
|---|---|---|
| `HINDSIGHT_API_XAI_OAUTH_BASE_URL` | Point at a different upstream. Takes precedence over `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_BASE_URL`. | `https://api.x.ai/v1` |
| `HINDSIGHT_API_XAI_OAUTH_TOKEN_PATH` | Relocate the credential store. Both the read and the write follow it. | `~/.hindsight/xai_oauth.json` |
| `HINDSIGHT_API_XAI_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID` | Override the OAuth client id used for login and refresh. | xAI's published public client id |
| `HINDSIGHT_API_XAI_OAUTH_SCOPE` | Override the scope string requested at login. | `openid profile email offline_access grok-cli:access api:access` |
| `HINDSIGHT_API_XAI_OAUTH_REFRESH_SKEW_SECONDS` | Refresh this many seconds before expiry. Widen it for deployments that touch the provider rarely. | `60` |
| `HINDSIGHT_API_XAI_OAUTH_REFRESH_TIMEOUT_SECONDS` | Per-request timeout for discovery, login and refresh calls. | `20` |

#### Deployment note

The credential is a host-local file, and only the interactive login can create
it. A containerized engine therefore needs the store mounted from a host where
the login was run (or the login run inside the container once, interactively)
and `HINDSIGHT_API_XAI_OAUTH_TOKEN_PATH` pointed at it. The mount must be
**writable**: unlike the Grok CLI's own file, this store is where Hindsight
persists each rotated token, so a read-only mount degrades to failing once the
current token expires.

xAI issues a **new refresh token on every refresh** and retires the one it
replaces. Replicas must therefore share the one credential file rather than
each starting from its own copy of a single login's output: a copy stops
working as soon as another replica refreshes, and the login has to be repeated.
A single shared writable volume is the supported shape; if you cannot provide
one, run one replica on this provider and give the others an API-key lane.

---

### Azure OpenAI Setup

Azure OpenAI is reached through the **`openai`** provider — there is no `azure`
provider, and setting one fails at startup with
`Invalid LLM provider: azure`.

The one thing that trips people up is the base URL. Azure does not serve the
OpenAI API at the resource root, so the endpoint shown in the Azure portal is
not usable on its own:

| `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_BASE_URL` | Result |
|---|---|
| `https://<resource>.openai.azure.com` | `404 Resource not found` |
| `https://<resource>.openai.azure.com/openai/deployments/<deployment>` | `404 Resource not found` (no `api-version`) |
| `https://<resource>.openai.azure.com/openai/v1` | works |
| `https://<resource>.openai.azure.com/openai/deployments/<deployment>?api-version=<version>` | works |

**Recommended — the v1 surface:**

```bash
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=openai
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_API_KEY=<azure-openai-resource-key>
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=<deployment-name>
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_BASE_URL=https://<resource>.openai.azure.com/openai/v1
```

**Or the deployment-scoped form.** Keep the `api-version` query string — Hindsight
parses it out of the base URL and passes it to the SDK:

```bash
export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_BASE_URL=https://<resource>.openai.azure.com/openai/deployments/<deployment>?api-version=2025-01-01-preview
```

**Important notes:**
- `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL` is your **deployment name**, not the model name. A
  `gpt-4o` deployed as `my-gpt4o` is configured as `my-gpt4o`.
- The key is the Azure OpenAI **resource** key (`az cognitiveservices account
  keys list -n <resource> -g <group>`). An API Management subscription key is a
  different credential: with APIM in front, the base URL must be the APIM route
  and APIM has to forward the `api-key` header. Test against the Azure endpoint
  directly first to isolate which layer is failing.
- Gateways and proxies must preserve the same path shape (`/openai/v1` or
  `/openai/deployments/...?api-version=`).
- Azure OpenAI accepts `prompt_cache_key` on GPT deployments (it improves cache
  routing on GPT-5.6 and later), but the same `*.openai.azure.com` endpoint also
  serves non-OpenAI Foundry models (DeepSeek, Llama, Mistral) that reject it with
  `unrecognized_request_argument`. The host alone can't tell the two apart, so
  [`HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_CACHE_AFFINITY`](./configuration#llm-provider) resolves
  `auto` to `none` for Azure hosts. If your deployment serves an OpenAI model,
  set it explicitly to `openai_prompt_cache_key`.

---

### Vertex AI Setup (Google Cloud)

Google Cloud's Vertex AI provides access to Gemini models via the native Google GenAI SDK.

**Prerequisites:**
- GCP project with Vertex AI API enabled
- IAM role `roles/aiplatform.user` for your credentials

**Environment Variables:**

| Variable | Description | Required |
|----------|-------------|----------|
| `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_VERTEXAI_PROJECT_ID` | Your GCP project ID | Yes |
| `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_VERTEXAI_REGION` | GCP region (e.g., `us-central1`) | No (default: `us-central1`) |
| `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_VERTEXAI_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_KEY` | Path to service account JSON key file | No (uses ADC if not set) |

**Authentication Methods:**

1. **Application Default Credentials (ADC)** - Recommended for development
   ```bash
   # Setup ADC
   gcloud auth application-default login

   # Configure Hindsight
   export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=vertexai
   export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=gemini-3.1-flash-lite
   export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_VERTEXAI_PROJECT_ID=your-project-id
   ```

2. **Service Account Key** - Recommended for production
   ```bash
   # Create service account and download key
   gcloud iam service-accounts create hindsight-api
   gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding your-project-id \
     --member="serviceAccount:hindsight-api@your-project-id.iam.gserviceaccount.com" \
     --role="roles/aiplatform.user"
   gcloud iam service-accounts keys create key.json \
     --iam-account=hindsight-api@your-project-id.iam.gserviceaccount.com

   # Configure Hindsight
   export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_PROVIDER=vertexai
   export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=gemini-3.1-flash-lite
   export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_VERTEXAI_PROJECT_ID=your-project-id
   export HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_VERTEXAI_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_KEY=/path/to/key.json
   ```

**Notes:**
- Model names can optionally include the `google/` prefix (e.g., `google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite`) — it will be stripped automatically
- The native SDK handles token refresh automatically
- Uses service account credentials if provided, otherwise falls back to ADC

---

## Embedding Model

Converts text into dense vector representations for semantic similarity search.

**Default:** `BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5` (384 dimensions, ~130MB)

### Supported Providers

| Provider | Description | Best For |
|----------|-------------|----------|
| `local` | SentenceTransformers (default) | Development, low latency |
| `onnx` | In-process ONNX Runtime embedder (no Ollama/TEI/API sidecar) | Lightweight local CPU, multilingual |
| `openai` | OpenAI embeddings API | Production, high quality |
| `openai-codex` | OpenAI embeddings via Codex OAuth (ChatGPT Plus/Pro, no API key) | Existing ChatGPT/Codex subscribers |
| `openrouter` | OpenRouter embeddings (OpenAI-compatible gateway) | Multi-provider setups |
| `cohere` | Cohere embeddings API | Production, multilingual |
| `google` | Google embeddings (Gemini API or Vertex AI) | Production, multilingual, high quality |
| `tei` | HuggingFace Text Embeddings Inference | Production, self-hosted |
| `zeroentropy` | ZeroEntropy zembed-1 | Production, high quality retrieval |
| `litellm` | LiteLLM proxy (unified gateway) | Multi-provider setups |
| `litellm-sdk` | LiteLLM SDK (direct API, no proxy) | Multi-provider, simpler setup |

### Local Models

| Model | Dimensions | Use Case |
|-------|------------|----------|
| `BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5` | 384 | Default, fast, good quality |
| `sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2` | 384 | Multilingual (50+ languages) |

### OpenAI Models

| Model | Dimensions | Use Case |
|-------|------------|----------|
| `text-embedding-3-small` | 1536 | Default OpenAI, cost-effective |
| `text-embedding-3-large` | 3072 | Higher quality, more expensive |
| `text-embedding-ada-002` | 1536 | Legacy model |

### Google Models

| Model | Dimensions | Use Case |
|-------|------------|----------|
| `gemini-embedding-001` | 768 (configurable) | Default Google, general purpose |
| `gemini-embedding-2-preview` | 768 (configurable) | Gemini Embedding 2 family; multimodal, one vector per input |

Google's `gemini-embedding-001` supports configurable output dimensionality via truncation, google recommend using: 768, 1536, 3072, via `HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_GEMINI_OUTPUT_DIMENSIONALITY`. Default is 768.

The `gemini-embedding-2` family, including `gemini-embedding-2-preview`, is supported on both the Gemini API and Vertex AI. These models aggregate multi-input requests, so Hindsight automatically embeds one input per call to keep per-fact vectors aligned.

### Cohere Models

| Model | Dimensions | Use Case |
|-------|------------|----------|
| `embed-english-v3.0` | 1024 | English text |
| `embed-multilingual-v3.0` | 1024 | 100+ languages |

### ZeroEntropy Models

| Model | Dimensions | Use Case |
|-------|------------|----------|
| `zembed-1` | 1280 default (2560/1280/640/320/160/80/40 configurable) | High quality asymmetric retrieval |

Hindsight sends retained memory text to ZeroEntropy as `document` inputs and recall/search text as `query` inputs. ZeroEntropy's API default is 2560 dimensions; Hindsight defaults to 1280 so pgvector HNSW works without changing the vector extension.

:::warning Embedding Dimensions
Hindsight automatically detects the embedding dimension at startup and adjusts the database schema. Once memories are stored, you cannot change dimensions without losing data.
:::

**Configuration Examples:**

```bash
# Local provider (default)
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_PROVIDER=local
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_LOCAL_MODEL=BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5

# ONNX provider (in-process local CPU, no Ollama/TEI/API sidecar; pip install hindsight-api-slim[local-onnx])
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_PROVIDER=onnx
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_ONNX_MODEL_ID=intfloat/multilingual-e5-small
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_ONNX_DIMENSIONS=384

# OpenAI
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_PROVIDER=openai
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxxxxx
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_OPENAI_MODEL=text-embedding-3-small

# Cohere
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_PROVIDER=cohere
export HINDSIGHT_API_COHERE_API_KEY=your-api-key
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_COHERE_MODEL=embed-english-v3.0

# Google (API key auth)
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_PROVIDER=google
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_GEMINI_API_KEY=xxxxxxxxxxxx
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_GEMINI_MODEL=gemini-embedding-001

# Google (Vertex AI auth - auto-detected when project ID is set)
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_PROVIDER=google
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_GEMINI_MODEL=gemini-embedding-001
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_VERTEXAI_PROJECT_ID=your-gcp-project-id

# TEI (self-hosted)
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_PROVIDER=tei
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_TEI_URL=http://localhost:8080

# ZeroEntropy
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_PROVIDER=zeroentropy
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_ZEROENTROPY_API_KEY=your-api-key
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_ZEROENTROPY_MODEL=zembed-1
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_ZEROENTROPY_DIMENSIONS=1280

# LiteLLM proxy
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_PROVIDER=litellm
export HINDSIGHT_API_LITELLM_API_BASE=http://localhost:4000
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_LITELLM_MODEL=text-embedding-3-small

# LiteLLM SDK (direct, no proxy)
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_PROVIDER=litellm-sdk
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_LITELLM_SDK_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxxxxx
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_LITELLM_SDK_MODEL=openai/text-embedding-3-small

# AWS Bedrock (via LiteLLM SDK; credentials come from the environment or an IAM role)
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_PROVIDER=litellm-sdk
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_LITELLM_SDK_MODEL=bedrock/amazon.titan-embed-text-v2:0
```

:::tip AWS Bedrock application inference profiles

If your org's Service Control Policy denies `bedrock:InvokeModel` on the bare model id once an [application inference profile](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/bedrock/latest/userguide/inference-profiles-support.html) exists, keep `..._MODEL` as-is and add the profile ARN separately:

```bash
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_PROVIDER=litellm-sdk
# Stays a recognizable model id — this is what picks the request format
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_LITELLM_SDK_MODEL=bedrock/amazon.titan-embed-text-v2:0
# The profile actually invoked
export HINDSIGHT_API_EMBEDDINGS_LITELLM_SDK_MODEL_ID=arn:aws:bedrock:eu-west-1:123456789012:application-inference-profile/abc123
```

The two are separate because Bedrock's embedding request and response formats differ per model family (Titan, Cohere, TwelveLabs, Nova), and the family is read off the model id. A profile ARN is opaque and account-scoped, so it can't be used for that — put it in `..._MODEL_ID` and leave `..._MODEL` naming the real model.

Chat models don't need this: set `HINDSIGHT_API_LLM_MODEL=bedrock/converse/<arn>`, since the Converse API takes one format for every model.

:::

See [Configuration](./configuration#embeddings) for all options including Azure OpenAI and custom endpoints.

For a runnable Docker Compose setup that serves both embeddings and reranking from self-hosted TEI sidecars, see [`docker/docker-compose/tei/`](https://github.com/vectorize-io/hindsight/tree/main/docker/docker-compose/tei).

---

## Cross-Encoder (Reranker)

Reranks initial search results to improve precision.

**Default:** `cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2` (~85MB)

### Supported Providers

| Provider | Description | Best For |
|----------|-------------|----------|
| `local` | SentenceTransformers CrossEncoder (default) | Development, low latency |
| `cohere` | Cohere rerank API | Production, high quality |
| `openrouter` | OpenRouter rerank API (Cohere-compatible gateway) | Multi-provider setups |
| `zeroentropy` | ZeroEntropy rerank API (zerank-2) | Production, state-of-the-art accuracy |
| `siliconflow` | SiliconFlow rerank API (Cohere-compatible `/rerank` endpoint) | Users in China or anyone on SiliconFlow's platform |
| `alibaba` | Alibaba Cloud DashScope rerank API (qwen3-rerank) | Users on Alibaba Cloud / DashScope |
| `google` | Google Discovery Engine ranking API (REST + Google auth) | Production, GCP integration |
| `tei` | HuggingFace Text Embeddings Inference | Production, self-hosted |
| `flashrank` | FlashRank (lightweight, fast) | Resource-constrained environments |
| `litellm` | LiteLLM proxy (unified gateway) | Multi-provider setups |
| `litellm-sdk` | LiteLLM SDK (direct API, no proxy) | Multi-provider, simpler setup |
| `jina-mlx` | Jina rerank v3 via Apple Silicon MLX (local, no API key) | Apple Silicon (M1+) local inference |
| `rrf` | RRF-only (no neural reranking) | Testing, minimal resources |

### Local Models

| Model | Use Case |
|-------|----------|
| `cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2` | Default, fast |
| `cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-12-v2` | Higher accuracy |
| `cross-encoder/mmarco-mMiniLMv2-L12-H384-v1` | Multilingual |

### Cohere Models

| Model | Use Case |
|-------|----------|
| `rerank-english-v3.0` | English text |
| `rerank-multilingual-v3.0` | 100+ languages |

### ZeroEntropy Models

| Model | Use Case |
|-------|----------|
| `zerank-2` | Flagship multilingual reranker (default) |
| `zerank-2-small` | Faster, lighter variant |

### SiliconFlow Models

SiliconFlow hosts a range of open-weight rerankers behind a Cohere-compatible `/rerank` endpoint:

| Model | Use Case |
|-------|----------|
| `BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-m3` | Multilingual, strong default |
| `Qwen/Qwen3-Reranker-8B` | Larger, higher accuracy |

### Alibaba Cloud Models

Alibaba Cloud DashScope exposes `qwen3-rerank` via a Cohere-compatible `/reranks` endpoint:

| Model | Use Case |
|-------|----------|
| `qwen3-rerank` | 100+ languages, default |

### LiteLLM Supported Providers

LiteLLM supports multiple reranking providers via the `/rerank` endpoint:

| Provider | Model Example |
|----------|---------------|
| Cohere | `cohere/rerank-english-v3.0` |
| Together AI | `together_ai/...` |
| Voyage AI | `voyage/rerank-2` |
| Jina AI | `jina_ai/...` |
| AWS Bedrock | `bedrock/...` |

**Configuration Examples:**

```bash
# Local provider (default)
export HINDSIGHT_API_RERANKER_PROVIDER=local
export HINDSIGHT_API_RERANKER_LOCAL_MODEL=cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2

# Cohere
export HINDSIGHT_API_RERANKER_PROVIDER=cohere
export HINDSIGHT_API_COHERE_API_KEY=your-api-key
export HINDSIGHT_API_RERANKER_COHERE_MODEL=rerank-english-v3.0

# Cohere-compatible endpoint (Azure AI Foundry, Jina, Voyage, self-hosted BGE, ...)
# Setting COHERE_BASE_URL switches the provider off the Cohere SDK and onto a
# plain HTTP client that speaks the standard rerank wire format:
#   POST {base_url}  Authorization: Bearer <key>
#   {"model","query","documents","return_documents":false}
#   -> {"results":[{"index","relevance_score"}, ...]}
export HINDSIGHT_API_RERANKER_PROVIDER=cohere
export HINDSIGHT_API_RERANKER_COHERE_API_KEY=your-api-key
export HINDSIGHT_API_RERANKER_COHERE_MODEL=rerank-v3.5  # whatever model the endpoint serves
export HINDSIGHT_API_RERANKER_COHERE_BASE_URL=https://your-endpoint.example/rerank

# ZeroEntropy (state-of-the-art accuracy)
export HINDSIGHT_API_RERANKER_PROVIDER=zeroentropy
export HINDSIGHT_API_RERANKER_ZEROENTROPY_API_KEY=your-api-key
export HINDSIGHT_API_RERANKER_ZEROENTROPY_MODEL=zerank-2  # default, can omit

# SiliconFlow (Cohere-compatible /rerank endpoint)
export HINDSIGHT_API_RERANKER_PROVIDER=siliconflow
export HINDSIGHT_API_RERANKER_SILICONFLOW_API_KEY=your-api-key
export HINDSIGHT_API_RERANKER_SILICONFLOW_MODEL=BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-m3  # default, can omit

# Alibaba Cloud DashScope (qwen3-rerank)
export HINDSIGHT_API_RERANKER_PROVIDER=alibaba
export HINDSIGHT_API_RERANKER_ALIBABA_API_KEY=your-dashscope-api-key
export HINDSIGHT_API_RERANKER_ALIBABA_MODEL=qwen3-rerank  # default, can omit

# TEI (self-hosted)
export HINDSIGHT_API_RERANKER_PROVIDER=tei
export HINDSIGHT_API_RERANKER_TEI_URL=http://localhost:8081

# FlashRank (lightweight)
export HINDSIGHT_API_RERANKER_PROVIDER=flashrank

# LiteLLM proxy
export HINDSIGHT_API_RERANKER_PROVIDER=litellm
export HINDSIGHT_API_LITELLM_API_BASE=http://localhost:4000
export HINDSIGHT_API_RERANKER_LITELLM_MODEL=cohere/rerank-english-v3.0

# RRF-only (no neural reranking)
export HINDSIGHT_API_RERANKER_PROVIDER=rrf
```

See [Configuration](./configuration#reranker) for all options including Azure-hosted endpoints and batch settings.