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# Query Reference
Query patterns and graph traversal examples.
## Basic Queries
### Get by ID
```bash
python3 scripts/ontology.py get --id task_001
```
### List by Type
```bash
# All tasks
python3 scripts/ontology.py list --type Task
# All people
python3 scripts/ontology.py list --type Person
```
### Filter by Properties
```bash
# Open tasks
python3 scripts/ontology.py query --type Task --where '{"status":"open"}'
# High priority tasks
python3 scripts/ontology.py query --type Task --where '{"priority":"high"}'
# Tasks assigned to specific person (by property)
python3 scripts/ontology.py query --type Task --where '{"assignee":"p_001"}'
```
## Relation Queries
### Get Related Entities
```bash
# Tasks belonging to a project (outgoing)
python3 scripts/ontology.py related --id proj_001 --rel has_task
# What projects does this task belong to (incoming)
python3 scripts/ontology.py related --id task_001 --rel part_of --dir incoming
# All relations for an entity (both directions)
python3 scripts/ontology.py related --id p_001 --dir both
```
### Common Patterns
```bash
# Who owns this project?
python3 scripts/ontology.py related --id proj_001 --rel has_owner
# What events is this person attending?
python3 scripts/ontology.py related --id p_001 --rel attendee_of --dir outgoing
# What's blocking this task?
python3 scripts/ontology.py related --id task_001 --rel blocked_by --dir incoming
```
## Programmatic Queries
### Python API
```python
from scripts.ontology import load_graph, query_entities, get_related
# Load the graph
entities, relations = load_graph("memory/ontology/graph.jsonl")
# Query entities
open_tasks = query_entities("Task", {"status": "open"}, "memory/ontology/graph.jsonl")
# Get related
project_tasks = get_related("proj_001", "has_task", "memory/ontology/graph.jsonl")
```
### Complex Queries
```python
# Find all tasks blocked by incomplete dependencies
def find_blocked_tasks(graph_path):
entities, relations = load_graph(graph_path)
blocked = []
for entity in entities.values():
if entity["type"] != "Task":
continue
if entity["properties"].get("status") == "blocked":
# Find what's blocking it
blockers = get_related(entity["id"], "blocked_by", graph_path, "incoming")
incomplete_blockers = [
b for b in blockers
if b["entity"]["properties"].get("status") != "done"
]
if incomplete_blockers:
blocked.append({
"task": entity,
"blockers": incomplete_blockers
})
return blocked
```
### Path Queries
```python
# Find path between two entities
def find_path(from_id, to_id, graph_path, max_depth=5):
entities, relations = load_graph(graph_path)
visited = set()
queue = [(from_id, [])]
while queue:
current, path = queue.pop(0)
if current == to_id:
return path
if current in visited or len(path) >= max_depth:
continue
visited.add(current)
for rel in relations:
if rel["from"] == current and rel["to"] not in visited:
queue.append((rel["to"], path + [rel]))
if rel["to"] == current and rel["from"] not in visited:
queue.append((rel["from"], path + [{**rel, "direction": "incoming"}]))
return None # No path found
```
## Query Patterns by Use Case
### Task Management
```bash
# All my open tasks
python3 scripts/ontology.py query --type Task --where '{"status":"open","assignee":"p_me"}'
# Overdue tasks (requires custom script for date comparison)
# See references/schema.md for date handling
# Tasks with no blockers
python3 scripts/ontology.py query --type Task --where '{"status":"open"}'
# Then filter in code for those with no incoming "blocks" relations
```
### Project Overview
```bash
# All tasks in project
python3 scripts/ontology.py related --id proj_001 --rel has_task
# Project team members
python3 scripts/ontology.py related --id proj_001 --rel has_member
# Project goals
python3 scripts/ontology.py related --id proj_001 --rel has_goal
```
### People & Contacts
```bash
# All people
python3 scripts/ontology.py list --type Person
# People in an organization
python3 scripts/ontology.py related --id org_001 --rel has_member
# What's assigned to this person
python3 scripts/ontology.py related --id p_001 --rel assigned_to --dir incoming
```
### Events & Calendar
```bash
# All events
python3 scripts/ontology.py list --type Event
# Events at a location
python3 scripts/ontology.py related --id loc_001 --rel located_at --dir incoming
# Event attendees
python3 scripts/ontology.py related --id event_001 --rel attendee_of --dir incoming
```
## Aggregations
For complex aggregations, use Python:
```python
from collections import Counter
def task_status_summary(project_id, graph_path):
"""Count tasks by status for a project."""
tasks = get_related(project_id, "has_task", graph_path)
statuses = Counter(t["entity"]["properties"].get("status", "unknown") for t in tasks)
return dict(statuses)
def workload_by_person(graph_path):
"""Count open tasks per person."""
open_tasks = query_entities("Task", {"status": "open"}, graph_path)
workload = Counter(t["properties"].get("assignee") for t in open_tasks)
return dict(workload)
```

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# Ontology Schema Reference
Full type definitions and constraint patterns for the ontology graph.
## Core Types
### Agents & People
```yaml
Person:
required: [name]
properties:
name: string
email: string?
phone: string?
organization: ref(Organization)?
notes: string?
tags: string[]?
Organization:
required: [name]
properties:
name: string
type: enum(company, team, community, government, other)?
website: url?
members: ref(Person)[]?
```
### Work Management
```yaml
Project:
required: [name]
properties:
name: string
description: string?
status: enum(planning, active, paused, completed, archived)
owner: ref(Person)?
team: ref(Person)[]?
goals: ref(Goal)[]?
start_date: date?
end_date: date?
tags: string[]?
Task:
required: [title, status]
properties:
title: string
description: string?
status: enum(open, in_progress, blocked, done, cancelled)
priority: enum(low, medium, high, urgent)?
assignee: ref(Person)?
project: ref(Project)?
due: datetime?
estimate_hours: number?
blockers: ref(Task)[]?
tags: string[]?
Goal:
required: [description]
properties:
description: string
target_date: date?
status: enum(active, achieved, abandoned)?
metrics: object[]?
key_results: string[]?
```
### Time & Location
```yaml
Event:
required: [title, start]
properties:
title: string
description: string?
start: datetime
end: datetime?
location: ref(Location)?
attendees: ref(Person)[]?
recurrence: object? # iCal RRULE format
status: enum(confirmed, tentative, cancelled)?
reminders: object[]?
Location:
required: [name]
properties:
name: string
address: string?
city: string?
country: string?
coordinates: object? # {lat, lng}
timezone: string?
```
### Information
```yaml
Document:
required: [title]
properties:
title: string
path: string? # Local file path
url: url? # Remote URL
mime_type: string?
summary: string?
content_hash: string?
tags: string[]?
Message:
required: [content, sender]
properties:
content: string
sender: ref(Person)
recipients: ref(Person)[]
thread: ref(Thread)?
timestamp: datetime
platform: string? # email, slack, whatsapp, etc.
external_id: string?
Thread:
required: [subject]
properties:
subject: string
participants: ref(Person)[]
messages: ref(Message)[]
status: enum(active, archived)?
last_activity: datetime?
Note:
required: [content]
properties:
content: string
title: string?
tags: string[]?
refs: ref(Entity)[]? # Links to any entity
created: datetime
```
### Resources
```yaml
Account:
required: [service, username]
properties:
service: string # github, gmail, aws, etc.
username: string
url: url?
credential_ref: ref(Credential)?
Device:
required: [name, type]
properties:
name: string
type: enum(computer, phone, tablet, server, iot, other)
os: string?
identifiers: object? # {mac, serial, etc.}
owner: ref(Person)?
Credential:
required: [service, secret_ref]
forbidden_properties: [password, secret, token, key, api_key]
properties:
service: string
secret_ref: string # Reference to secret store (e.g., "keychain:github-token")
expires: datetime?
scope: string[]?
```
### Meta
```yaml
Action:
required: [type, target, timestamp]
properties:
type: string # create, update, delete, send, etc.
target: ref(Entity)
timestamp: datetime
actor: ref(Person|Agent)?
outcome: enum(success, failure, pending)?
details: object?
Policy:
required: [scope, rule]
properties:
scope: string # What this policy applies to
rule: string # The constraint in natural language or code
enforcement: enum(block, warn, log)
enabled: boolean
```
## Relation Types
### Ownership & Assignment
```yaml
owns:
from_types: [Person, Organization]
to_types: [Account, Device, Document, Project]
cardinality: one_to_many
has_owner:
from_types: [Project, Task, Document]
to_types: [Person]
cardinality: many_to_one
assigned_to:
from_types: [Task]
to_types: [Person]
cardinality: many_to_one
```
### Hierarchy & Containment
```yaml
has_task:
from_types: [Project]
to_types: [Task]
cardinality: one_to_many
has_goal:
from_types: [Project]
to_types: [Goal]
cardinality: one_to_many
member_of:
from_types: [Person]
to_types: [Organization]
cardinality: many_to_many
part_of:
from_types: [Task, Document, Event]
to_types: [Project]
cardinality: many_to_one
```
### Dependencies
```yaml
blocks:
from_types: [Task]
to_types: [Task]
acyclic: true # Prevents circular dependencies
cardinality: many_to_many
depends_on:
from_types: [Task, Project]
to_types: [Task, Project, Event]
acyclic: true
cardinality: many_to_many
requires:
from_types: [Action]
to_types: [Credential, Policy]
cardinality: many_to_many
```
### References
```yaml
mentions:
from_types: [Document, Message, Note]
to_types: [Person, Project, Task, Event]
cardinality: many_to_many
references:
from_types: [Document, Note]
to_types: [Document, Note]
cardinality: many_to_many
follows_up:
from_types: [Task, Event]
to_types: [Event, Message]
cardinality: many_to_one
```
### Events
```yaml
attendee_of:
from_types: [Person]
to_types: [Event]
cardinality: many_to_many
properties:
status: enum(accepted, declined, tentative, pending)
located_at:
from_types: [Event, Person, Device]
to_types: [Location]
cardinality: many_to_one
```
## Global Constraints
```yaml
constraints:
# Credentials must never store secrets directly
- type: Credential
rule: "forbidden_properties: [password, secret, token]"
message: "Credentials must use secret_ref to reference external secret storage"
# Tasks must have valid status transitions
- type: Task
rule: "status transitions: open -> in_progress -> (done|blocked) -> done"
enforcement: warn
# Events must have end >= start
- type: Event
rule: "if end exists: end >= start"
message: "Event end time must be after start time"
# No orphan tasks (should belong to a project or have explicit owner)
- type: Task
rule: "has_relation(part_of, Project) OR has_property(owner)"
enforcement: warn
message: "Task should belong to a project or have an explicit owner"
# Circular dependency prevention
- relation: blocks
rule: "acyclic"
message: "Circular task dependencies are not allowed"
```