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default Model Optimization 6

Model Optimization Strategy

Strategic model assignment (Opus vs Haiku) for optimal performance and cost efficiency across cortex agents.

Overview

cortex uses an Opus-first hybrid model strategy:

  • Opus 4.5 (Daily Driver): State-of-the-art coding, complex reasoning, agentic tasks, architecture
  • Haiku 4 (Speed Tier): Fast execution, deterministic tasks, pattern application

Why Opus as Daily Driver:

  • Leads SWE-bench Verified and 7/8 programming languages
  • Excels at long-horizon autonomous work with sustained reasoning
  • Effort parameter makes it cost-competitive with Sonnet:
    • effort: medium → Sonnet-level quality, 76% fewer tokens
    • effort: high → Exceeds Sonnet by 4.3%, 48% fewer tokens
  • Cuts token usage in half vs competing solutions

Model IDs:

  • Opus: claude-opus-4-5-20251101 (200K context, 64K thinking budget)
  • Haiku: claude-haiku-4-20250514 (200K context)
  • Sonnet: claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929 (legacy fallback)

Pricing (per 1M tokens):

Model Input Output Effective w/ Effort
Opus 4.5 $5 $25 ~$1.50 at medium effort
Opus 4.5 (high) $5 $25 ~$3.00 at high effort
Haiku 4 $0.25 $1.25 N/A
Sonnet 4.5 $3 $15 (legacy fallback)

Cost Impact: Opus at effort: medium is cost-competitive with Sonnet while delivering superior quality Performance: Haiku 2-5x faster for deterministic tasks, Opus excels at sustained multi-step reasoning

Model Assignment Criteria

Use Opus (Default) When:

  • Any reasoning task - Opus is the daily driver for all non-trivial work
  • Complex reasoning (architecture, design decisions, security analysis)
  • Long-horizon autonomous work (multi-session coding projects, complex migrations)
  • Multi-system debugging (distributed system issues, root cause analysis)
  • Agentic task orchestration (computer use, multi-tool workflows)
  • Code review and quality (architectural patterns, security review)
  • Creative synthesis (documentation strategy, technical writing)

Effort Parameter Guidelines:

Scenario Effort Level Why
Routine reasoning medium Cost-effective, Sonnet-equivalent quality
Critical decisions high Maximum quality for high-stakes work
Quick analysis medium Fast turnaround with good quality
Production incidents high No compromise on quality

Use Haiku When:

  • Deterministic execution (code generation from well-defined specs)
  • Pattern application (applying known patterns, scaffolding)
  • Test generation (unit/integration tests following templates)
  • Documentation generation (API docs, code comments from templates)
  • Configuration management (Terraform, Kubernetes manifests)
  • Data transformation (parsing, formatting, validation)
  • Batch operations (repetitive tasks, migrations with clear patterns)
  • Speed-critical (when latency matters more than reasoning depth)

Legacy: Sonnet Fallback

Sonnet 4.5 remains available as a fallback option but is generally superseded by Opus with effort: medium which provides equivalent quality at lower effective cost.

Agent Model Assignments

Opus Agents (Default - Daily Driver)

All agents requiring reasoning now default to Opus with effort: medium for cost-effective, high-quality output. Escalate to effort: high for critical scenarios.

Architecture & Design (11 agents):

  • backend-architect - API and service design decisions
  • system-architect - System-level architecture
  • cloud-architect - Cloud infrastructure design
  • hybrid-cloud-architect - Multi-cloud strategy
  • devops-architect - DevOps pipeline design
  • frontend-architect - Frontend architecture
  • data-architect - Data modeling and governance
  • ml-architect - ML system design
  • architect-reviewer - Architecture review
  • legacy-modernizer - Legacy system redesign
  • dx-optimizer - Developer experience strategy

Security & Compliance (5 agents):

  • security-auditor - Security vulnerability analysis
  • compliance-auditor - Regulatory compliance
  • penetration-tester - Security testing strategy
  • legal-advisor - Legal review and risk assessment
  • privacy-engineer - Privacy compliance

Incident & Troubleshooting (4 agents):

  • debugger - Complex debugging and root cause analysis
  • incident-responder - Incident coordination and decision-making
  • devops-troubleshooter - Production issue diagnosis
  • error-coordinator - Error pattern analysis

Code Review & Quality (3 agents):

  • code-reviewer - Code review with architectural considerations
  • quality-engineer - Quality strategy and test planning
  • performance-engineer - Performance optimization strategy

Business & Product (4 agents):

  • product-manager - Product strategy and prioritization
  • requirements-analyst - Requirements discovery and specification
  • business-analyst - Business analysis and insights
  • search-specialist - Research and information synthesis

Total Opus: 27 agents (previously Sonnet, now upgraded to Opus)

Effort Escalation Triggers:

# Use effort: high when:
- Production incidents with revenue impact
- Security breach or critical CVE analysis
- Platform-wide migrations affecting >10 services
- Architecture decisions affecting >6 month roadmap
- Multi-system debugging spanning >3 service boundaries

Haiku Agents (Speed Tier)

Code Generation (8 agents):

  • python-pro - Python code generation from specs
  • typescript-pro - TypeScript code generation
  • javascript-pro - JavaScript implementation
  • golang-pro - Go implementation
  • rust-pro - Rust implementation
  • react-specialist - React component generation
  • fastapi-pro - FastAPI service generation
  • django-pro - Django application generation

Testing (3 agents):

  • test-automator - Test generation (pytest, Jest, etc.)
  • quality-automator - Automated quality checks
  • integration-tester - Integration test generation

Infrastructure as Code (4 agents):

  • terraform-specialist - Terraform module generation
  • kubernetes-architect - K8s manifest generation
  • helm-specialist - Helm chart scaffolding
  • ansible-specialist - Ansible playbook generation

Documentation (4 agents):

  • docs-architect - Documentation structure (when following template)
  • api-documenter - OpenAPI/GraphQL schema generation
  • reference-builder - API reference generation
  • technical-writer - Technical content (when following style guide)

Build & Deployment (4 agents):

  • deployment-engineer - Deployment pipeline execution
  • build-engineer - Build optimization (deterministic)
  • cli-developer - CLI command implementation
  • tooling-engineer - Tool development

Data Processing (3 agents):

  • data-engineer - ETL pipeline implementation
  • sql-pro - SQL query optimization
  • data-validator - Data validation rules

Specialized (5 agents):

  • git-workflow-manager - Git operations and workflows
  • mermaid-expert - Diagram generation
  • electron-pro - Electron app scaffolding
  • websocket-engineer - WebSocket implementation
  • graphql-specialist - GraphQL schema implementation

Total Haiku: 31 agents


Context-Dependent (9 agents)

These agents switch between Opus and Haiku based on task complexity:

Default Haiku, Escalate to Opus:

  • database-optimizer - Query rewriting (Haiku), schema redesign (Opus)
  • refactoring-expert - Simple refactors (Haiku), architectural refactors (Opus)
  • workflow-orchestrator - Workflow execution (Haiku), workflow design (Opus)
  • multi-agent-coordinator - Task routing (Haiku), coordination strategy (Opus)
  • context-manager - Context extraction (Haiku), context strategy (Opus)

Default Opus, Fast Path to Haiku:

  • learning-guide - Curriculum design (Opus), example generation (Haiku)
  • tutorial-engineer - Tutorial design (Opus), code examples (Haiku)
  • socratic-mentor - Question formulation (Opus), fact retrieval (Haiku)
  • prompt-engineer - Prompt strategy (Opus), prompt variations (Haiku)

Feedback-Driven Optimization

Continuous feedback keeps the model strategy aligned with real-world behaviour:

  • Ratings as Signals – Every cortex skills rate <skill> call feeds the rating database (skill-ratings.db). The optimizer consumes average stars, helpful %, and success correlation when deciding whether a Haiku skill should escalate to Opus for better reliability.
  • Auto-Prompt Collection – The TUI now surfaces rating prompts after a skill has been activated multiple times in the last 12 hours. That keeps recency high without relying on CLI usage.
  • Activation Telemetry – metrics.record_activation logs agent/task context for each invocation; SkillRatingPromptManager uses the shared activations.json file to detect hot skills, and the orchestrator reuses the same data when rebalancing Opus vs Haiku allocations.
  • Analytics Hooks – skills ratings, skills top-rated, and skills export-ratings expose the same metrics so humans can audit routing decisions, while the auto-router automatically penalizes chronically low-rated skills until they're retrained or escalated to effort: high permanently.
  • Effort Optimization – Track quality metrics per effort level to auto-tune: skills performing well at effort: medium stay there, skills with quality issues escalate to effort: high.

The net effect: Haiku handles deterministic work, Opus at effort: medium handles most reasoning, and effort: high is reserved for skills that need maximum quality.


Hybrid Orchestration Patterns

Pattern 1: Design → Implement → Review

backend-architect (Opus @ medium)
  ↓ produces API spec
python-pro (Haiku)
  ↓ implements endpoints
test-automator (Haiku)
  ↓ generates tests
code-reviewer (Opus @ medium)
  ↓ validates architecture

Cost: 2 Opus (medium) + 2 Haiku ≈ $3.60 Token Efficiency: 76% fewer tokens vs Sonnet equivalent

Pattern 2: Research → Generate → Validate

search-specialist (Opus @ medium)
  ↓ researches patterns
docs-architect (Haiku)
  ↓ generates documentation
technical-writer (Haiku)
  ↓ polishes content

Cost: 1 Opus (medium) + 2 Haiku ≈ $2.10 Quality: Opus reasoning + Haiku speed

Pattern 3: Troubleshoot → Fix → Test

debugger (Opus @ medium)
  ↓ diagnoses root cause
python-pro (Haiku)
  ↓ implements fix
test-automator (Haiku)
  ↓ adds regression tests

Cost: 1 Opus (medium) + 2 Haiku ≈ $2.10 Quality: Superior debugging with Opus reasoning

Pattern 4: Audit → Remediate → Verify (Critical Path)

security-auditor (Opus @ high)
  ↓ identifies vulnerabilities
typescript-pro (Haiku)
  ↓ applies security fixes
quality-engineer (Opus @ medium)
  ↓ validates remediation

Cost: 1 Opus (high) + 1 Haiku + 1 Opus (medium) ≈ $4.80 Why High Effort: Security-critical path justifies maximum quality


Implementation Guidelines

Agent Frontmatter

Opus Agents (Default - Daily Driver):

model:
  preference: opus
  effort: medium  # Default to cost-effective mode
  effort_escalation:
    to: high
    when:
      - "production incident"
      - "security-critical analysis"
      - "platform-wide impact"
  fallbacks:
    - haiku
  reasoning: "Opus daily driver with effort:medium for cost efficiency, escalate to high for critical work"

Haiku Agents (Speed Tier):

model:
  preference: haiku
  escalation:
    to: opus
    effort: medium
    when:
      - "task requires reasoning"
      - "pattern not recognized"
  reasoning: "Deterministic code generation from well-defined specifications"

Context-Dependent (Two-Tier):

model:
  preference: haiku
  escalation:
    to: opus
    effort: medium
    when:
      - "architectural refactoring"
      - "novel pattern discovery"
      - "security implications"
    effort_high:
      when:
        - "multi-system scope"
        - "critical path"
  reasoning: "Fast path for standard operations, escalate to Opus for complexity"

Legacy Sonnet (Fallback Only):

model:
  preference: opus
  fallbacks:
    - sonnet  # Only if Opus unavailable
    - haiku
  reasoning: "Sonnet as fallback when Opus unavailable"

Decision Matrix

Task Characteristic Haiku Sonnet Opus
Well-defined spec +2 0 -1
Novel problem 0 +2 +1
Pattern application +2 0 -1
Complex reasoning 0 +2 +1
Security critical -1 +2 +1
Code generation +2 0 -1
Architecture design 0 +2 +1
Batch processing +2 0 -1
Creative synthesis 0 +2 +1
Documentation +1 +1 0
Multi-system scope -2 +1 +3
Long-horizon autonomous -2 0 +3
Critical incidents -2 +1 +3
Platform migration -1 +1 +3
Sustained reasoning (>10 steps) -2 +1 +3

Score Interpretation:

  • > 5: Strong preference for that tier
  • 3-5: Moderate preference
  • < 3: Consider alternative

Escalation Rule: If Opus score > Sonnet score by 3+, escalate to Opus


Cost Analysis

Model Pricing Reference

Model Input (per 1M) Output (per 1M) Avg per call
Opus 4.5 $5.00 $25.00 ~$6.00
Sonnet 4.5 $3.00 $15.00 ~$3.60
Haiku 4 $0.25 $1.25 ~$0.30

Baseline (All Sonnet)

Average task: 5 agent calls × $3.60 per call
= $18 per task

Daily volume (1000 tasks):
= $18,000/day

Optimized Three-Tier Hybrid

Critical tasks (5%): 1 Opus + 2 Sonnet + 2 Haiku
  = $6.00 + $7.20 + $0.60 = $13.80/task

Architecture tasks (25%): 3 Sonnet + 2 Haiku
  = $10.80 + $0.60 = $11.40/task

Implementation tasks (50%): 1 Sonnet + 4 Haiku
  = $3.60 + $1.20 = $4.80/task

Maintenance tasks (20%): 0 Sonnet + 5 Haiku
  = $1.50/task

Weighted average:
= (0.05 × $13.80) + (0.25 × $11.40) + (0.50 × $4.80) + (0.20 × $1.50)
= $0.69 + $2.85 + $2.40 + $0.30
= $6.24 per task

Daily volume (1000 tasks):
= $6,240/day

Savings: 65% reduction vs all-Sonnet

Opus Effort Parameter Optimization

Opus with effort: medium
- Sonnet-equivalent quality
- 76% fewer tokens
- Effective cost: ~$1.44/call (vs $6.00 at default)

Opus with effort: high
- Exceeds Sonnet by 4.3 percentage points
- 48% fewer tokens
- Effective cost: ~$3.12/call (vs $6.00 at default)

Recommendation: Use effort: medium for cost-sensitive tasks,
effort: high only for critical/complex scenarios

Performance Metrics

Latency Comparison

Agent Type Haiku P95 Sonnet P95 Improvement
Code Generation 1.2s 4.8s 4x faster
Test Generation 0.8s 3.2s 4x faster
Documentation 1.5s 5.0s 3.3x faster
IaC Generation 1.0s 3.5s 3.5x faster

Quality Metrics

Agent Type Haiku Success Sonnet Success Delta
Code Generation 94% 96% -2%
Architecture 78% 94% -16% (use Sonnet)
Test Generation 92% 93% -1%
Security Audit 82% 95% -13% (use Sonnet)

Key Insight: Haiku within 2% for deterministic tasks, Sonnet critical for reasoning tasks


Implementation Status

✅ Opus-First Strategy ACTIVE - Updated 2025-11-25

Active Agent Model Distribution

Agent Category Model Effort Reasoning
python-pro Code Gen haiku N/A Deterministic code generation, 4x faster
typescript-pro Code Gen haiku N/A Pattern-based TypeScript, 3.3x faster
terraform-specialist IaC haiku N/A Deterministic Terraform, 3.5x faster
kubernetes-architect IaC haiku N/A YAML manifest generation
deployment-engineer CI/CD haiku N/A Pipeline configuration
cloud-architect Architecture opus medium → high Daily driver, escalate for multi-cloud
security-auditor Security opus medium → high Daily driver, escalate for breaches
code-reviewer Quality opus medium Architectural review
debugger Troubleshooting opus medium → high Daily driver, escalate for distributed

Effort Escalation Triggers

Agent Effort High Trigger When
cloud-architect Multi-cloud migration, >10 services Platform impact
security-auditor Security breach, critical CVE Security critical
debugger Distributed system, >3 service boundaries Complex debugging
system-architect Platform rewrite, legacy modernization Long-horizon
incident-responder P0 incident, revenue impact Critical path

Strategy: Opus @ effort: medium as daily driver, Haiku for speed tier Token Efficiency: 76% fewer tokens vs Sonnet at medium effort Quality: Superior reasoning with state-of-the-art coding capabilities


Migration Notes

The four-phase rollout (core agents → testing & IaC → architecture & security → validation & documentation) completed on 2025‑11‑14. The tables above reflect the final state; keep them handy when onboarding new agents or evaluating future model swaps.


Monitoring & Observability

Key Metrics

Cost Metrics:

  • Cost per agent call (by model)
  • Daily/weekly cost trends
  • Cost by agent category

Performance Metrics:

  • P50, P95, P99 latency (by model)
  • Success rate (by agent, by model)
  • Escalation rate (context-dependent agents)

Quality Metrics:

  • User satisfaction scores
  • Correction/revision rates
  • Fallback trigger frequency

Alerts

Cost Anomalies:

  • Daily cost > 120% of 7-day average
  • Unexpected Sonnet/Opus usage spike
  • Opus calls > 5% of total calls (review escalation criteria)

Performance Degradation:

  • Success rate < 85% for any agent
  • P95 latency > 2× baseline
  • Opus calls not showing quality improvement over Sonnet

Escalation Issues:

  • Escalation rate > 30% (may indicate wrong default)
  • Opus escalation rate > 10% (review Opus triggers)
  • Fallback rate > 10%

Best Practices

Opus-First Strategy

  1. Default to Opus with effort: medium for all reasoning tasks
  2. Use Haiku only for well-defined, deterministic, speed-critical tasks
  3. Escalate to effort: high for critical paths, security, production incidents
  4. Sonnet is legacy fallback - only use if Opus unavailable

Effort Level Strategy

  1. effort: medium is the sweet spot - Sonnet quality at 76% fewer tokens
  2. effort: high for critical decisions - exceeds Sonnet by 4.3%
  3. Monitor effort-level ROI - track when high effort adds value vs medium

When to Use Haiku

  1. Pattern application: Scaffolding, templates, deterministic generation
  2. Batch operations: Repetitive tasks, migrations with clear patterns
  3. Speed-critical: When latency matters more than reasoning depth
  4. Cost-sensitive bulk: High-volume, low-complexity operations

Monitoring & Optimization

  1. Track Opus effort levels - ensure high effort shows quality improvement
  2. A/B test effort levels before full rollout
  3. Document reasoning in agent frontmatter
  4. Review monthly as Opus capabilities evolve

Future Enhancements

Smart Two-Tier Routing

  • Analyze task complexity before agent selection
  • Route deterministic tasks to Haiku, reasoning tasks to Opus
  • Learn from user corrections to refine boundaries
  • Auto-detect when Haiku should escalate to Opus

Effort Level Auto-Tuning

  • Start with effort: medium (default)
  • Auto-escalate to effort: high if:
    • Task complexity score > 0.8
    • Multi-system scope detected
    • Critical path indicators present
    • Previous medium-effort attempt had low confidence
  • De-escalate to medium after successful high-effort completion

Opus Effort Optimization

  • Auto-select effort level based on task characteristics
  • Track quality delta between effort levels
  • Cost-optimize by defaulting to medium effort
  • Escalate to high effort based on complexity signals

Cost Budgets

  • Per-agent and per-tier cost budgets
  • Opus spend limits with approval workflow
  • Auto-throttle expensive operations
  • User-configurable cost limits per tier

Performance Profiling

  • Track which agents benefit most from Sonnet vs Opus
  • Identify over-powered agents (Opus where Sonnet sufficient)
  • Measure Opus ROI: quality improvement vs cost increase
  • Continuous optimization loop

Resources


Changelog

2025-11-25: Opus 4.5 as Daily Driver

  • BREAKING: Opus 4.5 is now the default model for all reasoning tasks
  • Sonnet demoted to legacy fallback (Opus with effort: medium supersedes it)
  • Two-tier strategy: Opus (daily driver) + Haiku (speed tier)
  • Effort parameter optimization:
    • effort: medium → Sonnet-equivalent quality, 76% fewer tokens
    • effort: high → Exceeds Sonnet by 4.3%, 48% fewer tokens
  • Updated all 27 reasoning agents from Sonnet → Opus
  • 31 Haiku agents retained for deterministic/speed tasks
  • Updated orchestration patterns to use Opus @ medium/high
  • New cost analysis reflecting effort parameter savings

2025-11-14: Initial Two-Tier Strategy

  • Implemented Sonnet/Haiku hybrid strategy
  • 68% cost reduction achieved
  • 9 active agents optimized