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technical.md

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+# Technical SEO
+
+## Core Web Vitals
+- **LCP** (Largest Contentful Paint): < 2.5s — largest visible element load time
+- **INP** (Interaction to Next Paint): < 200ms — response to user interaction
+- **CLS** (Cumulative Layout Shift): < 0.1 — visual stability, no jumping content
+- Test with PageSpeed Insights — field data from real users matters more than lab
+- Poor CWV = ranking demotion in competitive queries
+
+## Crawlability
+- robots.txt: `Disallow: /admin/` blocks crawlers — check with `robots.txt Tester` in GSC
+- NEVER block CSS/JS in robots.txt — Google needs them to render JavaScript
+- Crawl budget: large sites (>10K pages) must prioritize important pages
+- Orphan pages (no internal links) won't get crawled regularly
+- XML sitemap: max 50K URLs or 50MB per file, link in robots.txt
+
+## Indexing
+- `noindex` meta tag: prevents indexing but wastes crawl budget
+- `canonical` URL: self-referencing on all pages, cross-domain for syndicated content
+- Parameter URLs (`?sort=price`) need canonical to main version
+- Pagination: use rel="next"/"prev" or canonical to page 1, depending on content
+- Check indexing in GSC: URL Inspection tool shows render and index status
+
+## Mobile
+- Mobile-first indexing: Google indexes mobile version, desktop secondary
+- Viewport meta tag required: `<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">`
+- Touch targets minimum 48x48px — failing this hurts mobile usability score
+- No intrusive interstitials — popups that block content get demoted
+- Test with Mobile-Friendly Test — failing blocks ranking in mobile search
+
+## HTTPS
+- Required for rankings — HTTP sites show "Not Secure" warning
+- Mixed content (HTTP resources on HTTPS page) breaks padlock
+- HSTS header: tells browsers to always use HTTPS
+- After migration: 301 redirect all HTTP to HTTPS, update canonical URLs
+
+## Speed
+- TTFB < 200ms — server response time, hosting matters
+- Render-blocking CSS: inline critical CSS, defer rest
+- JavaScript: async/defer attributes, avoid blocking main thread
+- Images: lazy load, responsive srcset, modern formats (WebP/AVIF)
+- Fonts: font-display: swap prevents invisible text during load
+- CDN for static assets — reduces latency globally