44 lines
2.2 KiB
Markdown
44 lines
2.2 KiB
Markdown
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# Technical SEO
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## Core Web Vitals
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- **LCP** (Largest Contentful Paint): < 2.5s — largest visible element load time
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- **INP** (Interaction to Next Paint): < 200ms — response to user interaction
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- **CLS** (Cumulative Layout Shift): < 0.1 — visual stability, no jumping content
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- Test with PageSpeed Insights — field data from real users matters more than lab
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- Poor CWV = ranking demotion in competitive queries
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## Crawlability
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- robots.txt: `Disallow: /admin/` blocks crawlers — check with `robots.txt Tester` in GSC
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- NEVER block CSS/JS in robots.txt — Google needs them to render JavaScript
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- Crawl budget: large sites (>10K pages) must prioritize important pages
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- Orphan pages (no internal links) won't get crawled regularly
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- XML sitemap: max 50K URLs or 50MB per file, link in robots.txt
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## Indexing
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- `noindex` meta tag: prevents indexing but wastes crawl budget
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- `canonical` URL: self-referencing on all pages, cross-domain for syndicated content
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- Parameter URLs (`?sort=price`) need canonical to main version
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- Pagination: use rel="next"/"prev" or canonical to page 1, depending on content
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- Check indexing in GSC: URL Inspection tool shows render and index status
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## Mobile
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- Mobile-first indexing: Google indexes mobile version, desktop secondary
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- Viewport meta tag required: `<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">`
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- Touch targets minimum 48x48px — failing this hurts mobile usability score
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- No intrusive interstitials — popups that block content get demoted
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- Test with Mobile-Friendly Test — failing blocks ranking in mobile search
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## HTTPS
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- Required for rankings — HTTP sites show "Not Secure" warning
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- Mixed content (HTTP resources on HTTPS page) breaks padlock
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- HSTS header: tells browsers to always use HTTPS
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- After migration: 301 redirect all HTTP to HTTPS, update canonical URLs
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## Speed
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- TTFB < 200ms — server response time, hosting matters
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- Render-blocking CSS: inline critical CSS, defer rest
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- JavaScript: async/defer attributes, avoid blocking main thread
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- Images: lazy load, responsive srcset, modern formats (WebP/AVIF)
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- Fonts: font-display: swap prevents invisible text during load
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- CDN for static assets — reduces latency globally
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