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---
name: Office
description: "掌握Excel、Word、PowerPoint和Google Workspace。"
---
## What "Office" Means Here
Productivity software: Microsoft 365, Google Workspace, and office administration.
| Signal | Context | Load |
|--------|---------|------|
| Formulas, pivot tables, VLOOKUP, macros | Spreadsheets | `tools/spreadsheets.md` |
| Formatting, headers, mail merge, TOC | Documents | `tools/documents.md` |
| Slides, animations, presenter view | Presentations | `tools/presentations.md` |
| Supplies, vendors, facilities, space | Office admin | `admin/facilities.md` |
---
## Spreadsheets (Excel / Google Sheets)
**Formulas people actually need:**
- `VLOOKUP` / `XLOOKUP` — lookup value in table, return another column
- `SUMIF` / `COUNTIF` — sum/count with conditions
- `INDEX/MATCH` — more flexible than VLOOKUP
- `IF` with `AND`/`OR` — conditional logic
**Common problems:**
- VLOOKUP returns #N/A → check for spaces, data types, exact match setting
- Formula works in one cell, breaks when copied → missing `$` for absolute references
- Dates sorting wrong → format as actual dates, not text
**Pivot tables:** Right-click data → Create Pivot Table → drag fields to rows/columns/values.
---
## Documents (Word / Google Docs)
**Formatting essentials:**
- Use Styles (Heading 1, 2, 3) for structure — enables automatic TOC
- Page numbers starting on page 3: Insert break → Different First Page → start numbering
- Different headers per section: Section breaks, unlink from previous
**Mail Merge:**
1. Prepare data source (Excel with columns: Name, Address, etc.)
2. Word → Mailings → Start Mail Merge → Letters
3. Insert Merge Fields where dynamic content goes
4. Preview Results → Finish & Merge
---
## Presentations (PowerPoint / Google Slides)
**Professional basics:**
- Slide Master for consistent styling (View → Slide Master)
- 6x6 rule: max 6 bullets, 6 words per bullet
- One idea per slide
**Animations:**
- Entrance animations for bullet reveal (Appear > Fade > Fly In)
- Timing: On Click vs After Previous
- Keep it subtle — animation should aid, not distract
**Presenter View:** F5 to present, use Presenter View to see notes while audience sees slides.
---
## Office Administration
For those managing physical office operations:
**Supplies & Inventory:**
- Track with simple spreadsheet: Item, Quantity, Reorder Point, Supplier
- Set calendar reminders for regular orders
- Bulk ordering usually 15-30% cheaper
**Vendor Management:**
- Cleaning, maintenance, IT support contracts
- Document SLAs and contact info in shared location
- Review contracts annually for renegotiation
**Space Planning:**
- Hot-desking: Use booking system (even a shared calendar works)
- Meeting room: Clear naming, visible displays, 15-min buffers
---
## Quick Reference
| Task | Excel/Sheets | Word/Docs | PowerPoint/Slides |
|------|-------------|-----------|-------------------|
| Find value | VLOOKUP/XLOOKUP | Find & Replace | Find & Replace |
| Conditional format | Home → Conditional | N/A | N/A |
| Auto-update content | Formulas | Fields | Links |
| Export to PDF | File → Save As | File → Save As | File → Save As |

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{
"ownerId": "kn73vp5rarc3b14rc7wjcw8f8580t5d1",
"slug": "office",
"version": "1.0.0",
"publishedAt": 1770926628761
}

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# Documents Deep Dive
## Structure with Styles
**Why use Styles:**
- Automatic Table of Contents
- Consistent formatting throughout
- Easy global changes (change Heading 1 once, all update)
**Hierarchy:**
- Title → document name
- Heading 1 → major sections
- Heading 2 → subsections
- Heading 3 → sub-subsections
- Normal → body text
**Modify Style:** Right-click style → Modify → Change font, spacing, color
---
## Page Layout
### Section Breaks
- Use for different headers/footers in parts of document
- Insert → Break → Section Break (Next Page)
- Unlink sections to have different content
### Page Numbers
**Start on page 3:**
1. Insert Section Break before page 3
2. Double-click footer on page 3
3. Uncheck "Link to Previous"
4. Insert Page Number → Format → Start at 1
### Different First Page
- Design → Different First Page (checkbox)
- First page can have no header, rest have header
---
## Mail Merge
**Use cases:** Personalized letters, labels, envelopes, emails
**Process:**
1. **Data source:** Excel file with columns (Name, Address, etc.)
2. **Main document:** Template with placeholders
3. **Merge:** Combine to produce individual documents
**Steps (Word):**
1. Mailings → Start Mail Merge → Letters
2. Select Recipients → Use Existing List → select Excel file
3. Insert Merge Fields where personalization needed
4. Preview Results to check
5. Finish & Merge → Edit Individual Documents (or Print)
**Conditional content:**
```
{IF {MERGEFIELD Gender} = "M" "Mr." "Ms."}
```
---
## Formatting Fixes
| Problem | Solution |
|---------|----------|
| Paragraph spacing inconsistent | Select all → set Before/After spacing explicitly |
| Tab stops not aligning | View ruler → clear tabs → set new tab stops |
| Images jumping around | Right-click image → Wrap Text → choose wrap style |
| Page breaks in wrong places | Insert manual Page Break where needed |
| Table breaking across pages | Table Properties → Row → uncheck "Allow row to break" |
---
## Tables
**Convert text to table:** Select text → Insert → Table → Convert Text to Table
**Repeat header row:** Table Properties → Row → Repeat as header row
**Resize columns:** Double-click column border to auto-fit
---
## Track Changes
**Enable:** Review → Track Changes
**Accept/Reject:** Review → Accept/Reject buttons
**Compare documents:** Review → Compare → select original and revised
---
## Keyboard Shortcuts (Word)
| Action | Windows | Mac |
|--------|---------|-----|
| Heading 1 | Ctrl+Alt+1 | Cmd+Option+1 |
| Heading 2 | Ctrl+Alt+2 | Cmd+Option+2 |
| Page break | Ctrl+Enter | Cmd+Enter |
| Find & Replace | Ctrl+H | Cmd+H |
| Select all | Ctrl+A | Cmd+A |

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# Office Administration
## Supplies Management
### Tracking System
Simple spreadsheet columns:
- Item name
- Current quantity
- Reorder point (trigger level)
- Preferred supplier
- Unit cost
- Last order date
### Reorder Process
1. Weekly check against reorder points
2. Consolidate orders to same supplier (bulk discount)
3. Track delivery, update inventory on arrival
4. Review usage patterns quarterly (adjust reorder points)
### Common Supplies Checklist
- [ ] Printer paper, ink/toner
- [ ] Pens, notebooks, sticky notes
- [ ] Kitchen: coffee, tea, snacks, cleaning supplies
- [ ] Bathroom: soap, paper products
- [ ] First aid kit (check expiry dates)
---
## Vendor Management
### Key Vendors to Manage
- Cleaning service
- IT support / managed services
- Office equipment maintenance (copier, HVAC)
- Catering (for meetings)
- Security / access control
### Contract Documentation
For each vendor, maintain:
- Contract copy with terms
- SLA (service level agreement)
- Primary contact + escalation contact
- Payment terms and schedule
- Renewal date (calendar reminder 60 days before)
### Performance Tracking
- Log service issues and resolution time
- Quarterly review: are they meeting SLA?
- Document issues for renegotiation leverage
---
## Space Planning
### Meeting Room Management
- Clear naming convention (avoid confusion)
- Booking system (shared calendar, dedicated app)
- Rules: release room if not using, 5-min buffer between meetings
- Equipment check: projector, whiteboard, video conferencing
### Hot Desking
- Booking system for desks
- Clean desk policy at end of day
- Lockers for personal items
- Ensure adequate power/network at all desks
### Visitor Management
- Sign-in process (paper log or digital)
- Visitor badges
- NDA for sensitive areas if needed
- Clear guest WiFi access
---
## Facilities Issues
### Common Problems & Contacts
| Issue | Who to Call |
|-------|------------|
| HVAC (too hot/cold) | Building management or HVAC contractor |
| Electrical | Electrician (have emergency contact) |
| Plumbing | Plumber |
| Security/access | Building security or locksmith |
| Cleaning issues | Cleaning service manager |
### Emergency Preparedness
- Fire extinguisher locations known
- Evacuation routes posted
- Emergency contacts list visible
- First aid trained staff identified
---
## Budget Tracking
### Monthly Categories
- Supplies
- Vendor services
- Equipment maintenance
- Utilities (if responsible)
- Miscellaneous
### Cost Control
- Negotiate annual contracts (better rates)
- Review subscriptions quarterly (cancel unused)
- Compare suppliers annually
- Track spending vs budget monthly
---
## Communication
### Regular Updates to Staff
- New vendor contacts
- Policy changes (parking, kitchen, meetings)
- Scheduled maintenance affecting access
- Holiday closures
### Feedback Collection
- Anonymous suggestion box (physical or digital)
- Quarterly survey on office environment
- Act on common complaints (builds trust)

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# Presentations Deep Dive
## Slide Design Principles
**Content rules:**
- One idea per slide
- 6x6 rule: max 6 bullets, max 6 words per bullet
- Headlines tell the story (someone skimming titles should get the point)
- Use images over text when possible
**Visual hierarchy:**
- Title: largest, top
- Key point: prominent
- Supporting details: smaller, less prominent
- Source/footnote: smallest, bottom
---
## Slide Master
**What it does:** Defines default layouts, fonts, colors, logo placement.
**Access:** View → Slide Master
**Changes here apply to all slides:**
- Add company logo to master = appears on all slides
- Change title font = all titles update
- Set background = consistent throughout
**Multiple layouts:** Create different masters for title slides, content slides, section headers.
---
## Animations
### Types
- **Entrance:** How element appears (Fade, Fly In, Appear)
- **Exit:** How element disappears
- **Emphasis:** Draw attention (Pulse, Grow/Shrink)
- **Motion Path:** Move element along path
### Best Practices
- Subtle over flashy (Fade > Bounce)
- Consistent animation style throughout
- Purpose: guide attention, not entertain
- Test timing before presenting
### Build Effect (Bullets one by one)
1. Select text box
2. Animations → Add Animation → choose effect
3. Effect Options → By Paragraph
4. Set to "On Click" or "After Previous"
---
## Presenter Tools
**Presenter View:**
- You see: current slide, next slide, notes, timer
- Audience sees: only current slide
- Enable: Slide Show → Use Presenter View
**Rehearse Timings:** Practice run that records time per slide.
**Laser Pointer:** Hold Ctrl + click during presentation.
**Black/White screen:** Press B (black) or W (white) during presentation.
---
## Charts & Data
**Link to Excel:**
1. Copy chart from Excel
2. PowerPoint → Paste Special → Paste Link
3. Updates when Excel data changes
**Animate charts:**
- Select chart
- Animations → Effect Options → By Series or By Category
- Reveals data progressively
---
## Export Options
| Format | Use Case |
|--------|----------|
| PDF | Share without editing, print |
| Video (MP4) | Self-running presentations, share online |
| Images (PNG/JPG) | Individual slides for social media |
| Handouts | Print multiple slides per page |
| Notes Pages | Print with speaker notes |
---
## Common Problems
| Problem | Solution |
|---------|----------|
| Fonts change on other computer | Embed fonts: File → Options → Save → Embed fonts |
| Video doesn't play | Use MP4 format, embed in file not link |
| File too large | Compress images: File → Compress Pictures |
| Animations out of order | Animation Pane → drag to reorder |
---
## Keyboard Shortcuts (PowerPoint)
| Action | Windows | Mac |
|--------|---------|-----|
| Start from beginning | F5 | Cmd+Shift+Enter |
| Start from current | Shift+F5 | Cmd+Enter |
| End slideshow | Esc | Esc |
| Next slide | Space/Enter | Space/Enter |
| Previous slide | Backspace | Delete |
| Go to slide N | Type N + Enter | Type N + Enter |

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# Spreadsheets Deep Dive
## Formula Patterns
### Lookup Values
```
=VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_range, column_index, FALSE)
=XLOOKUP(lookup_value, lookup_array, return_array) [Excel 365+]
=INDEX(return_range, MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_range, 0))
```
### Conditional Calculations
```
=SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range)
=SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, criteria_range2, criteria2)
=COUNTIF(range, criteria)
=AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, average_range)
```
### Text Manipulation
```
=CONCATENATE(A1, " ", B1) or =A1 & " " & B1
=LEFT(text, num_chars)
=RIGHT(text, num_chars)
=TRIM(text) -- removes extra spaces
=PROPER(text) -- Title Case
```
### Date Functions
```
=TODAY()
=YEAR(date) / MONTH(date) / DAY(date)
=DATEDIF(start_date, end_date, "Y") -- years between dates
=WORKDAY(start_date, num_days) -- excludes weekends
```
---
## Pivot Tables
**When to use:** Summarizing large datasets by categories.
**Setup:**
1. Select data (including headers)
2. Insert → Pivot Table
3. Drag fields:
- Rows = categories to group by
- Columns = secondary grouping
- Values = what to calculate (Sum, Count, Average)
**Refresh:** Right-click pivot → Refresh (data source changed)
**Calculated fields:** Add custom calculations within pivot.
---
## Common Errors & Fixes
| Error | Cause | Fix |
|-------|-------|-----|
| #N/A | VLOOKUP can't find value | Check spelling, spaces, data type |
| #REF! | Referenced cell deleted | Update formula references |
| #VALUE! | Wrong data type | Check if text vs number |
| #DIV/0! | Dividing by zero | Add IF to check denominator |
| ##### | Column too narrow | Widen column |
---
## Data Cleaning
**Remove duplicates:** Data → Remove Duplicates
**Text to columns:** Data → Text to Columns (split by delimiter)
**Find & Replace:** Ctrl+H, use wildcards (* for any characters)
**Trim spaces:** `=TRIM(A1)` then paste values
---
## Keyboard Shortcuts (Excel)
| Action | Windows | Mac |
|--------|---------|-----|
| New row/column | Ctrl++ | Cmd++ |
| Delete row/column | Ctrl+- | Cmd+- |
| Fill down | Ctrl+D | Cmd+D |
| Absolute reference | F4 | Cmd+T |
| Go to formula cell | Ctrl+[ | Cmd+[ |
| Select to end | Ctrl+Shift+End | Cmd+Shift+End |