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references/telegram-update-routing.md

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+# Telegram Update Routing
+
+## Update normalization
+- Normalize inbound updates to a single envelope:
+  - `update_id`, `chat_id`, `user_id`, `message_id`, `text`, `callback_data`, `type`
+- This makes routing logic consistent across message types.
+
+## Routing rules
+- If `callback_query` exists, handle callbacks first.
+- Else if `message.text` starts with `/`, treat as command.
+- Else fall back to default handler (help or menu).
+
+## Safe defaults
+- Unknown command: reply with `/help` guidance.
+- Unknown callback: answerCallbackQuery with a short notice.
+
+## Idempotency
+- Keep a cache of processed `update_id` in case of retries.
+- Ensure handlers can be safely re-run.
+
+## Error handling
+- On 429: backoff and retry with jitter.
+- On 400: validate payload length and parse mode.